Anti-Hemorrhagic Effect of Horsetail, Ortie, Alfalfa, Chêne, and Aleppo oakin an Experimental Model of Rats - a Potential Theoretic Approach for Traumatic Bleeding

Background: Prompt bleeding control in civil accidents, incidents, and combat casualties is critically essential. Preparing efficient, portable, and low-cost local anti-hemorrhagic products with minimum side effects is one of the main challenges of using them in hemorrhage control. Anti-hemorrhagic effect of some medicinal plants, including Horsetail (H), Ortie (O), Alfalfa (A1), Chêne (C), and Aleppo oak (A2), were evaluated in the femoral arterial bleeding rat model. Materials and Methods: After plant extraction by the maceration method, forty male rats received general anesthesia, and the left femoral artery was surgically transected. Bleeding was treated with direct gauze pressure, in both the control (without treatment) and test groups added with the mixture of five herbal extracts at 200 g/l concentration (M-200), the mixture of five herbal extracts at 400 g/l concentration (M-400), and individual extracts at 400 g/l concentration). Bleeding stoppage time (BST), blood loss volume (BLV) was defined and some blood coagulation tests were assessed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of BLV between mix-200 and control groups, though it was significantly lower for mix-400 than that the control and mix-200 groups (P<0.05). The bleedig was statistically lower for group C compared to groups H, O, A1, and A2 (P<0.05). However, the difference between groups A2, O, H, and A1 was not significant (P>0.05). The results of BST showed no statistically significant difference between the mix-200 and control groups, while it was significantly shorter for the mix-400 group than the control and mix-200 groups (P<0.05). BST was shorter in group C than groups H, O, A1, and A2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, Chêne extract, as well as a mixture of five mentioned herbal extracts at 400g/l concentration, were influential in bleeding control. Our results showed that the anti-hemorrhagic effect of the mentioned plant extracts was superior to the mixed form

A new dynamic hash algorithm in digital signature

This paper presents adoption of a new hash algorithm in digital signature. Digital signature presents a technique to endorse the content of the message. This message has not been altered throughout the communication process. Due to this, it increased the receiver confidence that the message was unchanged. If the message is digitally signed, any changes in the message will invalidate the signature. The comparison of digital signature between Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) algorithms are summarized. The finding reveals that previous algorithms used large file sizes. Finally the new encoding and decoding dynamic hash algorithm is proposed in a digital signature. The proposed algorithm had reduced significantly the file sizes (8 bytes) during the transferring message

Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on survival in colorectal cancer: a prospective study.

INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may affect prognosis of the patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to design a model and to examine the prognostic effect of MetS on survival time in the patients with CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected from 1127 cases of CRC from Cancer Registry Center of the Research Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In this cohort study, patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of MetS. We tested the prognostic value of MetS in the patients by Cox proportional hazard modeling. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation of the patients' age at diagnosis in MetS group and non-MetS group was 56 ± 13 years old and 53 ± 15 years old respectively. Tumor stage as an independent variable affected CRC survival. The mean survival time of the MetS and non-MetS groups was 23 and 27 months respectively. Independent variables like tumor stage (hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90) and educational level (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.23-0.97) had significant effect on CRC survival and MetS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.52-1.5), tumor size (HR, 1.390; 95% CI, 1.237-1.560), family history, age, gender, and smoking had non-significant effect on CRC survival. CONCLUSION MetS could be a prognostic factor for survival in the patients with CRC. The results suggested that effect of MetS was not significant

The correlation between strength and range of motion of the neck muscles and opium smoking in Iran

ObjectivesOpium smoking is commonly practiced via traditional and novel routes in Iran. Both smoking methods are practiced in a non-ergonomic position. According to previous studies and our hypothesis, it can be potentially harmful to the cervical spine. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between opium smoking and neck range of motion and neck muscle strength.MethodsIn this cross-sectional and correlational study, the range of motion and strength of the neck muscles of 120 men with drug use disorder were measured by a CROM goniometer and a hand-held dynamometer. Other data gathering was performed using a demographic questionnaire, the Maudsley Addiction Profile, and the Persian version of Leeds Dependence Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Shapiro–Wilks test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression.ResultsThere was no significant correlation between the age of drug use onset and range of motion and muscle strength of the neck; however, the daily duration of opium smoking and the number of years of opium smoking were inversely and significantly correlated with the range of motion and muscle strength of the neck in some directions. Daily opium smoking time for decreasing in neck range of motion and total duration of opium smoking for reduction of neck muscles strength are stronger predictor variables.ConclusionOpium smoking by traditional routes causes non-ergonomic positions and has a moderate significant correlation with reduced range of motion and neck muscle strength, in Iran.Highlights– The harm of drug use disorder is not only AIDS and hepatitis, and harm reduction programs should go beyond the prevention of AIDS and hepatitis. According to more than 90% of smoking use of drug compared to other methods (oral and injectable, etc.) musculoskeletal disorders caused by the smoking use of drugs, have a greater cost burden in reducing the quality of life and the need for rehabilitation.– Drug abuse treatment and harm reduction programs should focus more seriously on replacing smoking use of drugs with oral medications assisted treatment.– Although in Iran and some countries in the region, a large number of people smoke opium for many years and sometimes all their lives, daily in a completely non-ergonomic position, but studying the deformation of the posture and musculoskeletal disorders related to the body position in them, is not a scientific concern and neither physical therapy researchers have paid attention to it nor addiction researchers.– Neck muscles strength and range of motion in opium addicts are correlated to the number of years of opium smoking and daily minutes of opium smoking, but not to its oral use.– There is no significant correlation between the onset age of continues and permanent opium smoking and substance dependence severity with neck range of motion and muscles strength.– People with drug use disorder (especially smoking users) as a large group of vulnerable people, should be the target population of musculoskeletal disorders researchers and addiction harm reduction researchers, and more experimental, comparative, cohort, etc. researches should be designed and implemented for them

The prevalence of pediculosis capitis and its associated risk factors in primary schools of girls in rural district

زمینه و هدف: آلودگی به شپش سر یکی از بیماری های شایع در تمام سنین و دارای انتشار جهانی است. آلودگی به شپش سر در مراکز تجمعی مانند مدرسه‌ها، پادگان‌ها و خوابگاه ها زیاد و در مدارس، بویژه مدرسه‌های ابتدایی دخترانه در حد قابل توجهی می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین شیوع آلودگی به شپش سر و عوامل موثر بر آن در دانش آموزان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه مناطق روستایی استان قم در سال 1390 انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی بر روی 900 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر ساکن در مناطق روستایی استان قم که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند، انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه و معاینه موی سر از نظر آلودگی به شپش جمع آوری شدند و با آزمون های آماری کای اسکور و رگرسیون لجستیک چندگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: در بین 900 دانش آموز مورد بررسی، 120 نفر (3/13) آلوده به آلودگی با شپش سر تشخیص داده شدند. در آنالیز بین متغیرهای محل سکونت، شغل و تحصیلات پدر، میزان تحصیلات مادر، تعداد افراد خانوار، وجود حمام در منزل، تعداد دفعات استحمام، تعداد دفعات شانه‌زنی، سابقه ابتلا به شپش سر، وجود یا عدم وجود مربی بهداشت در مدرسه، دسترسی یا عدم دسترسی به خدمات بهداشتی درمانی و ابتلا به آلودگی با شپش سر ارتباط معنی دار آماری مشاهده شد (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: علل شیوع این بیماری در بین دانش آموزان استان قم با عواملی مثل عدم وجود مربی بهداشت در مدرسه، عدم دسترسی کافی به خدمات بهداشتی درمانی، عدم توجه کافی به رعایت بهداشت فردی مرتبط بود. بنابراین رعایت بهداشت فردی، آموزش دادن در مورد راه های آلودگی و پیشگیری از بیماری و فراهم کردن امکانات بهداشتی می تواند در کاهش آلودگی و عوارض ناشی از آن نقش مهمی داشته باشد

Identifying Common Elements of Evidence – Based Psychological Treatments for Females with Extramarital Experience

Introduction: The therapeutic consequences of extramarital relationships is a difficult issue amongtherapists, so majority of clinicians are faced with several challenges. Although, they are not able toconceptualize and modify these issues with a suitable and recognized approach, the purpose of thisstudy was to identify common elements of psychological evidence-based therapies in order todevelop multi-dimensional intervention for females involved in extramarital relationships.Method: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a qualitative content analysisto identify factors influencing the extramarital relations in three steps. The second phase aimed todesign and develop multi-dimensional treatments using common elements identified in the firststudy. This procedure conducted according to Garland et al., method.Result: Sixty-four effective factors identified in four categories: individual’s personality, familyeducational, cultural-social and religious-beliefs. In the second phase , 13 effective therapeuticapproaches in the treatment of extramarital relationships were selected. Finally, 10 commontherapeutic elements were developed to design a protocol for extramarital relationships involvedfemales.Conclusion: This treatment emphasized on helping women with the experience of extramaritalrelationship who want to save their marital commitment and family.Declaration of Interest: Non