Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Funneliformis mosseae) improves alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) re-growth ability in saline soil through enhanced nitrogen remobilization and improved nutritional balance

In current study, the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on salinity tolerance in terms of root’s reserves remobilization to shoot and its relationship with re-growth ability and ionic status of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants were investigated. In a pot experiment, a factorial experiment in base of randomized complete blocks design in three replications was carried out. Alfalfa plants (Iranian cultivar-Baghdadi) inoculated with AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) or retained as un-inoculated, were grown in soil and irrigated with three salt concentrations including 1.4 (control), 7 and 12 dS/m. Three harvests were carried out at 10% of flowering stage. AMF inoculation increased the size of root sugars and soluble N pools at harvest time. The shoot biomass production following harvest had a close correlation with nitrogen (N) remobilization from root (r=0.92, P≤0.01). However salinity stress significantly reduced amount and percentage of N remobilization to re-growing shoot but AMF plants exhibited greater amount and percentage of root N pools dedicated to remobilization. AMF inoculation also affected ionic relations of plants as AM+ plants contained greater K+ within both root and shoot organs while Ca2+ and Na+ were affected by AMF only within shoot tissue. AMF plants exhibited higher K+/Na+ within shoot and Ca+2/Na+ within root organs. There was a high positive correlation coefficient between K+/Na+, Ca+2/Na+ ratios and N remobilization from root (respectively, r=0.92, 0.88; P≤0.01). To sum up, ionic status within both root and shoot organs, got more balanced by AMF inoculation so that AMF reduced limitations within both source (root) and sink (re-growing shoot) organs concerning N remobilization to re-growing shoot

بررسی دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در مورد فرزندآوری در سال 1401

Background and Aims: Fertility is a social behavior formed in the cultural context of society. Considering the recent decline in the population growth rate due to the decreased fertility and the need to make clear decisions in the field of having children, it is highly important to know the views of young people towards having children. The present study was conducted in order to examine the views of students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences regarding childbearing in 2022. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 306 unmarried students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences using cluster sampling method. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS (v. 24) software. Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation. Results: In this study, 213 women and 93 men participated. In the knowledge section of the maximum 26 points, the average score was 15.57. The grades of almost more than two-fifths (47%) of the samples were lower than the average grade obtained and no significant difference was observed between the knowledge scores of the studied faculties. In the attitude section, out of a maximum of 235 points, the average score received was 140.78. Almost half of the samples obtained an attitude score lower than the average. Indeed, there observed a significant difference between the attitude scores of the three faculties. Conclusion: Considering the unfavorability of the knowledge and attitude scores in this study, it is necessary to carry out educational programs to increase the awareness and improve the attitude of young people in the field of childbearing.مقدمه: باروری یک رفتار اجتماعی شکل گرفته در بافت فرهنگی جامعه است. بـا توجـه بـه کاهش نرخ جمعيت در سایه کـاهش بـاروری در سـال­هـای اخيـر وضرورت اتخاذ تصميمات روشـن در زمينـه فرزنـدآوری در سـال­های آتـی، شناخت آگاهی و نگرش­ به فرزندآوری در جوانان اهميت بالایی دارد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی دیدگاه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در خصوص فرزندآوری در سال 1401 انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه مقطعی بر روی 306  نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی به روش نمونه گیری خوشه­ای انجام شد. داده­ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، که روایی و پایایی آن محاسبه گردید، جمع‌آوری شد. آنالیز اطلاعات با استفاده از روش­های آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی و نرم افزار SPSS ورژن 24 انجام گردید. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه، 213 نفر زن و 93 نفر مرد شرکت داشتند. در بخش آگاهی از ماکزیمم 26نمره ، میانگین نمره کسب شده 15/57 بود. نمرات 47% نمونه­ها از میانگین نمره کسب شده کمتر بود و تفاوت آماری معناداری بین نمرات آگاهی دانشکده­ها، مشاهده نشد. در بخش نگرش، از ماکزیمم 235 نمره میانگین نمره دریافتی، 140/78 بوده است. تقریبا نیمی از نمونه­ها نمره نگرش کمتر از میانگین کسب نموده اند. بین نمرات نگرش سه دانشکده اختلاف معناداری وجود داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از مطالعه و نامطلوب بودن نمرات آگاهی و نگرش دانشجویان، لازم است برنامه­های آموزشی در جهت افزایش آگاهی و بهبود نگرش آنان در زمینه فرزندآوری انجام شود

The Method for Quranic Words’ Semantics and Criticizing the Contemporary Persian Translations of Quran (Case Study: The Root Word “Sharā”)

Quranic “Lexicology” as one of the most important subjects, has always been the focus of Quran researchers. Since there is no proper “method” to explain this subject, Modulation has often faced challenges, such as inaccuracy in Semantics, incompleteness of the concept, and so on. For the same reason, it is necessary to provide a coherent, complete, and logical method for this subject. Therefore, this study is to present a proper model. Firstly, it proposes a comprehensive and complete method, secondly, by using the analytical-descriptive method, it analyzes the meaning of the words derived from the root word “sharā”, on which there are different ideas. After that, the contemporary Persian equivalences of the word “sharā” in the Quran, and the strict adherence of Quran translators to the verses including this word, are examined (scholars such as Āyati, Elāhi Ghomshei, Rezāei, Sha'rāni, Saffārzadeh, Safavi, Fooladvand, Fayz al-Islam, Meshkini, Mesbāhzadeh, Moezzi, and Makārem). The present study concludes that the core meaning of the word “sharā” is “to exchange”, which according to the context of the verses, means “to give” or “to take”, although the above-mentioned translators have been incapable of expressing this kind of meaning. Nevertheless, some of the translators such as Āyati, Elāhi Ghomshei, Sha'rāni, and Fayz al-Islam, have referred to this meaning in some verses, using similar terms

Bioinformatics-Guided Discovery of miRNAs Involved in Apoptosis Modulated by Parthenolide Combined with Vincristine in The NALM6 Cell Line

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a highly heterogeneous leukemia. Despite the current improvement inconventional chemotherapy and high survival rates, the outcomes remain challenging. Sesquiterpen extracted from theTanacetum parthenium, parthenolide, is a potential anticancer agent that can modulate the expression of miRNAs and induceapoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of parthenolide in combination with vincristine and alone onthe apoptosis rate and expression of miR-125b-5p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-17-5p in the NALM6 cell line.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, cell viability and metabolic activity were determined through MTTassay and PI staining. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the rate of apoptosis. The expression of miRNAs wasassessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analyses, including Cytoscape, RNAhybrid, andsignaling pathway analysis were employed to investigate the association of miR-17-5p, miR-181b-5p and miR-125b-5p with apoptosis. Further, molecular docking served to validate the modulation of these miRNAs by parthenolide andvincristine treatment.Results: The MTT assay indicated that 7.7 μM of parthenolide decreased the metabolic activity to 50% after 48 hours. PIstaining analysis indicated that at concentrations below the half maximal inhibitory concentration, parthenolide caused50% cell death. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that parthenolide (1.925 μM) in combination with vincristine (1.2 nM)induced apoptosis in 83.2% of the cells. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR)analysis showed significant changes in the expression levels of miR-17-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-181b-5p.Moreover, the combination therapy downregulated the expression of miRNAs significantly. This was consistent with ourbioinformatic analysis demonstrating that the studied miRNAs are regulators of apoptosis. Finally, molecular dockingvalidated the modulation of the miRNAs by parthenolide and vincristine.Conclusion: Parthenolide in combination with vincristine triggers apoptosis at a high rate in the NALM6 cell line.Moreover, this combination therapy can decrease the expression of miR-17-5p, miR-181b-5p, and miR-125b-5p

Traumatic Retrolisthesis of L5 and L5/S1 Extruded Disc Herniation; A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Traumatic retrolisthesis is a rare injury and may result in intervertebral disc extrusion and nerve root injury. These injuries are highly unstable and require surgery for decompression and stabilization. Traumatic retrolisthesis of L5 with acute L5/S1 disc extrusion associated with nerve root injury has not been reported previously in English literatures. We herein report a case of traumatic retrolisthesis of L5 and extruded disc. A 22 year-old patient presented with lower extremity weakness due to L5/S1 retrolisthesis and traumatic acute L5/S1 disc extrusion after falling of 8 meters height. The patient underwent surgical decompression and reduction with instrumentation. Accordingly complete recovery of neurologic deficit was occurred. Therefore, early decompression of the nerve roots followed by circumferential instrumentation and fusion of the involved segment results in dramatic improvement in neurologic symptoms

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (Funneliformis mosseae) improves alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) re-growth ability in saline soil through enhanced nitrogen remobilization and improved nutritional balance

In current study, the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on salinity tolerance in terms of root’s reserves remobilization to shoot and its relationship with re-growth ability and ionic status of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants were investigated. In a pot experiment, a factorial experiment in base of randomized complete blocks design in three replications was carried out. Alfalfa plants (Iranian cultivar-Baghdadi) inoculated with AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) or retained as un-inoculated, were grown in soil and irrigated with three salt concentrations including 1.4 (control), 7 and 12 dS/m. Three harvests were carried out at 10% of flowering stage. AMF inoculation increased the size of root sugars and soluble N pools at harvest time. The shoot biomass production following harvest had a close correlation with nitrogen (N) remobilization from root (r=0.92, P≤0.01). However salinity stress significantly reduced amount and percentage of N remobilization to re-growing shoot but AMF plants exhibited greater amount and percentage of root N pools dedicated to remobilization. AMF inoculation also affected ionic relations of plants as AM+ plants contained greater K+ within both root and shoot organs while Ca2+ and Na+ were affected by AMF only within shoot tissue. AMF plants exhibited higher K+/Na+ within shoot and Ca+2/Na+ within root organs. There was a high positive correlation coefficient between K+/Na+, Ca+2/Na+ ratios and N remobilization from root (respectively, r=0.92, 0.88; P≤0.01). To sum up, ionic status within both root and shoot organs, got more balanced by AMF inoculation so that AMF reduced limitations within both source (root) and sink (re-growing shoot) organs concerning N remobilization to re-growing shoot

Protective effect of Arctium lappa on oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Arctium lappa (AL) on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: control group; GM group (intrapritoneal injection, IP, of 100 mg/kg GM B.W.); GM+AL group (received IP injection of 100 mg/kg GM and 500 mg/kg AL orally) and AL group (received 500 mg/kg AL orally). The experimental period lasted for 10 days. Nephrotoxicity was biochemically and histologically evaluated. The concentrations of creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide hydrogen (H2O2) in the serum samples were determined. Moreover, histological examinations were performed. The animals treated with gentamicin showed significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, MDA and H2O2 levels and lower SOD activity. However, co-administration of AL produced amelioration in biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity in serum. Histomorphological examination showed necrosis and desquamation of tubular epithelial cells in the renal cortex in animals treated with gentamicin whereas simultaneous administration of AL and GM reduced histological damages. The data obtained suggest that treatment with AL extract can help to reduce gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT, UNFORGIVENESS AND FORGIVENESS STYLES WITH THE MENTAL HEALTH

The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship among religious commitment, forgiveness styles, unforgiveness, and rumination with mental health in Esfahan University's students. Method: A sample of 200 students (only women) of Esfahan University was randomly selected to complete the following questionnaires: the Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI), the Forgiveness Scale, the Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale, the Rumination about an Interpersonal Offense Scale and Health Survey. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship among mental health with religious commitment, forgiveness styles, unforgiveness, and rumination. The results found a significant relationship between rumination, revenge motive, social intentions, positive emotions, and age with mental health (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mental health has a significant relationship with rumination, age and especially internal commitment as a component of religious commitment. Therefore, providing proper basis so as to improve religious commitment, forgiveness ability and controlling ruminations, could lead to increase the students' mental health. Key words: Religious commitment, Unforgiveness, Forgiveness Styles, General Healt