Relationship between edge Szeged and edge Wiener indices of graphs

Let G be a connected graph and ξ(G) = Sze(G) - We(G), where We(G) denotes the edge Wiener index and Sze(G) denotes the edge Szeged index of G. In an earlier paper, it is proved that if T is a tree then Sze(T) = We(T). In this paper, we continue our work to prove that for every connected graph G, Sze(G) ≥ We(G) with equality if and only if G is a tree. We also classify all graphs with ξ(G) ≤ 5. Finally, for each non-negative integer n ≠ 1 there exists a graph G such that ξ(G) = n

An Uncommon Complication of Streptokinase: Large Spontaneous Iliopsoas Hematoma

Streptokinase is a fibrinolytic agent that enhances plasmin activation and is used in selected patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Similar to the other thrombolytics, a common side effect is bleeding, especially from venous puncture sites. Here, we present a case of acute anterior wall STEMI complicated by large spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma after streptokinase administration. With conservative management, the course of the disease was uneventful, and the patient was discharged with no symptom and no clinically important sequel

Evaluation and analysis of short-term self and buddy aid training program of Iranian law enforcement force (NAJA)

Aims: The current study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the short-term self and buddy aid training program of the Iranian law enforcement force using Holton’s learning transfer system inventory (LTSI). Materials & Methods: This study was designed as mixed-method research. The population of the quantitative part of the study was NAJA employees, 384 of whom were randomly asked to fill the standardized LTSI questionnaire. The qualitative aspect was conducted using a phenomenological approach to evaluate the semi-structured interviews with 11 experts and authorities of NAJA in medicine using purposive sampling until reaching a point of data saturation. The quantitative analysis was performed using the SPSS software, and the qualitative analysis was performed using Heidegger’s phenomenological philosophy. Findings: The quantitative analysis revealed that the transfer of education was most impacted by the organization-related factors (2.80±0.42), followed by education factors (2.76±0.76), and individual factors (2.42±0.50), respectively. In qualitative data analysis, three major axial codings were identified, including issues related to management, decision-making and planning, issues related to the learners and the organization‘s personnel, and issues related to the current educational system and teachers. Conclusion: According to the present results, it seems that the three factors related to relief education, including management and planning, and learners and teachers, can complementarily ensure the effectiveness of education, so it is necessary to consider these factors in the design and implementation of educational programs

Preventive Detention with Emphasis on Article150 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran 1392

Preventive detention of mental disorders applies for ensuring public protection and for preventing potentially dangerous offenders from reoffending. Former Article 48 and Article 150 of Islamic penal code 1392 are the most important examples of the preventive approach in Iran's law. In fact, preventive detention is a sort of pre-emptive action for public protection. In this measure, criminal law is moving from a retributive approach to a forward-looking approach and applied to pre-crime. Therefore, the article, examines this approach with emphasis on Article 150 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran and the United States of America’s and France's law that are examples of punitive penal policy

Dangerous Offenders Supervision; Challenges and Solutions .............

One of the issues in the domain of law and criminology texts which has received special attention in the recent years is offenders supervision, especially dangerous offenders; supervisions which aim at protecting society against the severe crimes committed by dangerous offenders. These sort of supervisions might lead to some law and criminology challenges. The present researches have rarely paid attention to the challenges of offenders supervision or merely referred to the concerns and problems of one of the dimensions of supervision- by relying on foreign reference. Therefore, the present article seeks to express the most prominent challenges on offender supervision and provides working procedure to remove them by aiming at taking benefit from statutes in Iran and relying on the findings of a comparative study. Making the criminal justice practitioners aware of the findings and most important practical challenges of supervision programs in other countries can either lead to effective enactment of laws and designing a supervision program on dangerous offenders or lead to reform the relevant laws. The achievement of the present research is that the issue of supervising dangerous offenders is facing with many failures and problems from different dimensions such as: conceptually; due to the lack of a clear border between this concept and similar ones; on the definition; due to the lack of a legal criterion and evidence for crime and dangerous offender; and also from the viewpoint of legality and execution. Hence, along with an expression of the concept of supervision, suggesting the solutions for legal definition of crime and dangerous offenders and indication of supervisory tactics i.e. Register, Community Notification in order to improvement officers’ role on dangerous offenders control is truly necessary

Investigating variations of β-endorphin serum levels and pain caused by primary dysmenorrhea following a course of aerobic training with and without consumption of cumin supplement

Background and Aim:  Dysmenorrheaorpainful menstruation of the most common complaints of the women's. Considering the effect of β-endorphin on reducing the pain of menstruation, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in β-endorphin and severity of primary dysmenorrhea pain following aerobic exercise with and without consumption of cumin in non-athlete girls Materials and Methods: In this Clinical randomized controlled trials, 26 girls with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A received cumin capsules in the first 3 days of menstruation, while group B received placebocapsules. From the fourth day, both groups participated in 4 weeks of aerobic training and with the onset of the next period, exercises were stopped and the capsules were transferred between the two groups. Measurement of β-endorphin was performed on the day 3 of the first and next menstrual and measurement of pain intensity was performed before and after each intervention. For statistical analysis, Dependent and independent two-sample t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Results: Aerobic exercises alone and in combination with cumin significantly increased β-endorphin (P = 0.003, P = 0.009) and significantly decreased pain severity (P = 0.009, P = 0.04), However, there was no significant change in these two variables after consumption of cumin (P=0.9, P=0.6). Conclusion:  Aerobic exercise results in the secretion of β-endorphin and may also be effective in reducing the pain severity of menstrual. However, cumin did not have a significant effect on β-endorphin and painseverity and it is likely to reduce the pain of menstruation through a mechanism independent of β -endorphin secretio

Liver hydatidosis disease with portal vein invasion: Report of a rare case and review of literature

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Humans are aberrant intermediate hosts and following the infection, the parasite may infest any organ of the body, with the liver and lungs being the most involved organs. Portal vein involvement by hydatid cyst disease is extremely rare with only seven cases published to our knowledge. We present a 62-year-old Persian male with an incidental liver cyst. His laboratory tests were in normal ranges. The ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings show hydatid disease of the liver with distal portal vein involvement and collateral venous formations. The patient is being followed and has not gone under surgery yet. It possesses a propensity to invade multiple organ systems, notably the liver and lungs. Hydatid disease is imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems specifically in developing countries. Manifestations of the disease are often non-specific, while a subset of the infected population remains asymptomatic. Portal vein invasion and obstruction is a rare complication, and it is important to distinguish it from vein thrombosis, as the management of these entities requires different approaches