45,706 research outputs found
Polymer packaging and ejection in viral capsids: shape matters
We use a mesoscale simulation approach to explore the impact of different
capsid geometries on the packaging and ejection dynamics of polymers of
different flexibility. We find that both packing and ejection times are faster
for flexible polymers. For such polymers a sphere packs more quickly and ejects
more slowly than an ellipsoid. For semiflexible polymers, however, the case
relevant to DNA, a sphere both packs and ejects more easily. We interpret our
results by considering both the thermodynamics and the relaxational dynamics of
the polymers. The predictions could be tested with bio-mimetic experiments with
synthetic polymers inside artificial vesicles. Our results suggest that phages
may have evolved to be roughly spherical in shape to optimise the speed of
genome ejection, which is the first stage in infection.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Space processing of chalcogenide glasses
Chalcogenide glasses are discussed as good infrared transmitters, possessing the strength, corrosion resistance, and scale-up potential necessary for large 10.6-micron windows. The disadvantage of earth-produced chalcogenide glasses is shown to be an infrared absorption coefficient which is unacceptably high relative to alkali halides. This coefficient is traced to optical nonhomogeneities resulting from environmental and container contamination. Space processing is considered as a means of improving the infrared transmission quality of chalcogenides and of eliminating the following problems: optical inhomogeneities caused by thermal currents and density fluctuation in the l-g earth environment; contamination from the earth-melting crucible by oxygen and other elements deleterious to infrared transmission; and, heterogeneous nucleation at the earth-melting crucible-glass interface
Space processing of chalcogenide glass
The manner in which the weightless, containerless nature of in-space processing can be successfully utilized to improve the quality of infrared transmitting chalcogenide glasses is determined. The technique of space processing chalcogenide glass was developed, and the process and equipment necessary to do so was defined. Earthbound processing experiments with As2S3 and G28Sb12Se60 glasses were experimented with. Incorporated into these experiments is the use of an acoustic levitation device
Geometrical Phase Transition on WO Surface
A topographical study on an ensemble of height profiles obtained from atomic
force microscopy techniques on various independently grown samples of tungsten
oxide WO is presented by using ideas from percolation theory. We find that
a continuous 'geometrical' phase transition occurs at a certain critical
level-height below which an infinite island appears. By using the
finite-size scaling analysis of three independent percolation observables i.e.,
percolation probability, percolation strength and the mean island-size, we
compute some critical exponents which characterize the transition. Our results
are compatible with those of long-range correlated percolation. This method can
be generalized to a topographical classification of rough surface models.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Applied Physics Letters (2010
Production, Competition Indices, and Nutritive Values of Setaria Splendida, Centrosema Pubescens, and Clitoria Ternatea in Mixed Cropping Systems in Peatland
This research was conducted to evaluate production, different competition indices and nutritive value of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in monoculture and mix cropping system on peat soil land. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: S. splendida sole cropping (SS), C. pubescens sole cropping (CP), C. ternatea sole cropping (CT), S. splendida and C. pubescens mix cropping (SS/CP) and S. splendida/C. ternatea mix cropping (SS/CT). The DM yield of S. splendida in mixed cropping with C. pubescens increased 43.4% and in mix cropping with C. ternatea increased 15.7% compared to sole S. splendida. The value of land equivalent ratio of SS/CP (LERSS/CP) was >1. The LERSS/CT value was <1. The crowding coefficient value of S. splendida (KSS) was higher than KCP and KCT. The total value of KSS/CP and KSS/CT were >1. The competition ratio (CR) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were >1. The agressivity (A) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were positive. The crude protein, NDF and ADF content of forage were not affected by mix cropping system. In conclusion, mix cropping in peatland do not affect productivity and nutritive value of S. splendida, C. pubescens, and C. ternatea. S. splendida is more effective in exploiting environmental resources when intercropped with C. pubescens compared to C. ternatea on peatland
Spectral Singularities of Complex Scattering Potentials and Infinite Reflection and Transmission Coefficients at real Energies
Spectral singularities are spectral points that spoil the completeness of the
eigenfunctions of certain non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators. We identify
spectral singularities of complex scattering potentials with the real energies
at which the reflection and transmission coefficients tend to infinity, i.e.,
they correspond to resonances having a zero width. We show that a wave guide
modeled using such a potential operates like a resonator at the frequencies of
spectral singularities. As a concrete example, we explore the spectral
singularities of an imaginary PT-symmetric barrier potential and demonstrate
the above resonance phenomenon for a certain electromagnetic wave guide.Comment: Published versio
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