Integrated power electronic converters and digital control

Non-isolated DC-DC ConvertersBuck ConverterBoost ConverterBuck-Boost ConverterIsolated DC-DC ConvertersFlyback ConverterForward ConverterPush-Pull ConverterFull-Bridge ConverterHalf-Bridge ConverterPower Factor CorrectionConcept of PFCGeneral Classification of PFC CircuitsHigh Switching Frequency Topologies for PFCApplication of PFC in Advanced Motor DrivesIntegrated Switched-Mode Power ConvertersSwitched-Mode Power SuppliesThe Concept of Integrated ConverterDefinition of Integrated Switched-Mode Power Supplies (ISMPS)Boost-Type Integrated TopologiesGeneral Structure of Boost-Type Integrated

Digital Control of Power Converters

A method of controlling a DC/DC converter to regulate an output voltage from an input voltage source that varies from a fully-charged voltage to a discharged voltage. The method introduced improves the dynamic response of the converter during transients by switching between different converter topologies to spread out voltage spikes, which are an inevitable result of transients. The invention also can improve the efficiency of the DC/DC converter by replacing higher loss modes with combination modes.Sponsorship: Illinois Institute of TechnologyUnited States Paten

The effect of different early feeding regimens involving a hydrated nutritious gel on productive performance, immune variables, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of early feeding (EF) with a hydrated nutritious gel (HNG) on productive performance, carcass traits, immune variables, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 490 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were allotted to 5 EF regimens with 7 replicates each. Treatments were as follows: the group deprived of both feed and water during the first 24 hours post-hatch (control); group fed with 2g HNG/bird in chick box and then with 2g HNG + 2g starter feed/bird immediately after placement (T1); group fed with 2g HNG + 2g starter feed/bird in chick box (T2); group fed with 2g HNG/bird in chick box (T3); and the group fed with 2g HNG + 2g starter feed/bird immediately after placement (T4). The results showed that HNG-treated groups had lower relative yolk sac weight compared to the control group (P < 0.05). During the starter period, T2, T3, and T4 groups had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) than the control group. At 24 d of age, the T2 group had the highest BW, differing significantly from those of the control and T1 groups. During the grower period, the T4 group had higher FI than the control group (P < 0.05). Antibody response against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was improved in the T1, T2, and T3 groups (P < 0.05). The highest relative leg weight was found in the T2 group. In conclusion, the HNG administration in chick box and/or immediately after placement had beneficial effects on the health and performance of broiler chickens. Highlights Receiving the nutritious gel resulted in significant increments in yolk sac absorption. Early nutrition with the nutritious gel showed positive effects on weight gain and feed intake during the first 10 d post-hatch. On the 25th day after hatch, gel-receiving groups had higher antibody titers against infectious bronchitis virus as compared to the control group

Fabrication of nanowalled catalytically self-threaded supramolecular polyrotaxane microcapsules using droplet microfluidics

Abstract Micrometer-scale monodisperse droplets are produced to generate nanowalled supramolecular microcapsules using microfluidics for high reproducibility and high-throughput manipulation, efficient material consumption, and control over hierarchical structure, shape, and size. In this study, an optimized microfluidic droplet generation technique and a unique liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization method were applied to fabricate the monodisperse polyrotaxane–based supramolecular microcapsules in a fast and simple way. To minimize the uncertainty due to droplet volume variation, the inlet pressures were supplied from the same source while lowering the interfacial tension and the main channel hydrodynamic resistance, which are critical for high monodispersity. The target polyrotaxane network (PN) was simply formed at the interface of the water and oil phases in ultra-monodisperse microdroplets via the cucurbit[6]uril (CB6)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CB6-AAC) reaction between azido- and alkyne-functionalized tetraphenylporphyrin monomers (TPP-4AZ and TPP-4AL). The thickness of the interfacially assembled PN microcapsules was 20 nm as analyzed by cross-sectional TEM and TEM-EDX techniques. The resultant water-in-oil PN microcapsules were highly monodisperse in size and able to retain target molecules. Here, rhodamine 6G (Rh6G)-loaded PN microcapsules were fabricated, and the release rate of the Rh6G cargo was investigated over time for controlled drug release applications