The causes of formula milk consumption in the infants under 1 year old in Charmahalva Bakhtiari provins Iran, 2007

زمینه و هدف: علیرغم اهمیت تغذیه با شیر مادر، در بسیاری از موارد تداوم تغذیه با شیر مادر به شکل انحصاری نادیده گرفته می شود. شناسایی عوامل موثر بر عدم شیردهی مادران می تواند در برنامه ریزی های مرتبط مفید باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین علل مصرف شیر مصنوعی در شیرخواران زیر یکسال تحت پوشش مراکز بهداشتی درمانی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ی توصیفی - تحلیلی 411 شیرخوار زیر یک سال ساکن استان چهارمحال و بختیاری در سال 1386 به روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای تصادفی در سطح شهرها و روستاهای استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات به کمک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته حاوی سوالاتی در زمینه اطلاعات دموگرافیک مادر، بیماری مرتبط با شیردهی مادر، مشکلات شیرخوار، عوامل مرتبط با گرایش به شیر مصنوعی جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای دو و t تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: میانگین سنی مادران 5/5±25/29 سال و میانگین سنی شیر خواران 3±5/6 ماه بود. شیوع تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر در شیرخواران تا سن 6 ماهگی به صورت 5/44 با شیر مادر، 44 شیر مصنوعی توام با شیر مادر و 5/11 شیر مصنوعی به تنهایی بود. 1/76 شیر خواران بعد از 6 ماهگی تغذیه با شیر مصنوعی را شروع کرده بودند. 90 مادران و 5/92 نوزادان فاقد بیماری های مرتبط با شیردهی بودند. فرزندان مادران روستایی، خانه دار و با سطح سواد کمتر بیشتر از تغذیه انحصاری با شیر مادر تا سن 6 ماهگی استفاده می کردند (05/0

A Model to Measure the Spread Power of Rumors

Nowadays, a significant portion of daily interacted posts in social media are infected by rumors. This study investigates the problem of rumor analysis in different areas from other researches. It tackles the unaddressed problem related to calculating the Spread Power of Rumor (SPR) for the first time and seeks to examine the spread power as the function of multi-contextual features. For this purpose, the theory of Allport and Postman will be adopted. In which it claims that there are two key factors determinant to the spread power of rumors, namely importance and ambiguity. The proposed Rumor Spread Power Measurement Model (RSPMM) computes SPR by utilizing a textual-based approach, which entails contextual features to compute the spread power of the rumors in two categories: False Rumor (FR) and True Rumor (TR). Totally 51 contextual features are introduced to measure SPR and their impact on classification are investigated, then 42 features in two categories "importance" (28 features) and "ambiguity" (14 features) are selected to compute SPR. The proposed RSPMM is verified on two labelled datasets, which are collected from Twitter and Telegram. The results show that (i) the proposed new features are effective and efficient to discriminate between FRs and TRs. (ii) the proposed RSPMM approach focused only on contextual features while existing techniques are based on Structure and Content features, but RSPMM achieves considerably outstanding results (F-measure=83%). (iii) The result of T-Test shows that SPR criteria can significantly distinguish between FR and TR, besides it can be useful as a new method to verify the trueness of rumors

Automatic Personality Prediction; an Enhanced Method Using Ensemble Modeling

Human personality is significantly represented by those words which he/she uses in his/her speech or writing. As a consequence of spreading the information infrastructures (specifically the Internet and social media), human communications have reformed notably from face to face communication. Generally, Automatic Personality Prediction (or Perception) (APP) is the automated forecasting of the personality on different types of human generated/exchanged contents (like text, speech, image, video, etc.). The major objective of this study is to enhance the accuracy of APP from the text. To this end, we suggest five new APP methods including term frequency vector-based, ontology-based, enriched ontology-based, latent semantic analysis (LSA)-based, and deep learning-based (BiLSTM) methods. These methods as the base ones, contribute to each other to enhance the APP accuracy through ensemble modeling (stacking) based on a hierarchical attention network (HAN) as the meta-model. The results show that ensemble modeling enhances the accuracy of APP

Evaluation of iron overload by cardiac and liver T2* in β-thalassemia: Correlation with serum ferritin, heart function and liver enzymes

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of cardiac and hepatic T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) values as a gold standard for detecting iron overload with serum ferritin level, heart function, and liver enzymes as alternative diagnostic methods. Methods: A total 58 patients with beta-thalassemia major who were all transfusion dependent were evaluated for the study. T2* MRI of heart and liver, echocardiography, serum ferritin level, and liver enzymes measurement were performed. The relationship between T2* MRI findings and other assessments were examined. Cardiac and hepatic T2* findings were categorized as normal, mild, moderate, and severe iron overload. Results: 22% and 11% of the patients were suffering from severe iron overload in heart and liver, respectively. The echocardiographic findings were not significantly different among different iron load categories in heart or liver. ALT level was significantly higher in patient with severe iron overload than those with normal iron load in heart (P=0.005). Also, AST level was significantly lower in normal iron load group than mild, moderate, and severe iron load groups in liver (P<0.05). The serum ferritin level was significantly inversely correlated with cardiac T2* values (r = -0.34, P=0.035) and hepatic T2* values (r = -0.52, P=0.001). Conclusion: Cardiac and hepatic T2* MRI indicated significant correlation with serum ferritin level

Ammonia-Nitrogen Recovery from Synthetic Solution using Agricultural Waste Fibers

In this study, modification of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibers as a means to recover ammonianitrogen from a synthetic solution was investigated. Methods: The EFB fiber was modified using sodium hydroxide.Adsorption-desorption studies of ammonia nitrogen into the modified EFB fiber were investigated Findings: Theincrease in adsorption capacity was found to be proportional with the increase of pH up to 7, temperature and ammoniaconcentration. The maximum adsorption capacity is 0.53-10.89 mg/g. The attachment of ammonia nitrogen involves ionexchange-chemisorption. The maximum desorption capacity of 0.0999 mg/g. Applications: This study can be used as abaseline for designing a low cost adsorbent system for ammonia nitrogen recovery drainage and industrial wastewater aswell as EFBs-palm oil mill effluent composting

Multivariate analysis of eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss.) based on morphological characterizations

Abstract Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss. has been identified as one of the potential species that could be used for rehabilitating degraded desert rangelands and salt‐affected soils due to its high salinity resistance and soil‐stabilizing ability. Morphological variation of 144 accessions of this species from 14 regions of the Isfahan province, Iran was investigated. The accessions studied were significantly different in terms of the traits recorded. Three forms of plant growth habit were observed, including spreading bush, erect bush, and shrub. The range of leaf dimensions was as follows: terminal leaf length: 1.57–7.22 mm, terminal leaf width: 0.91–3.34 mm, basal leaf length: 11.84–45.27 mm, and basal leaf width: 1.32–4.18 mm. Fruit diameter (with wings) ranged from 0.19 to 12.91 mm, and 100‐fruits dry weight varied between 0.11 and 0.76 g. A dendrogram created using Euclidean distances and the Ward's method revealed two main clusters. The obtained data revealed the morphological diversity within the studied populations. The reason for such a high diversity can be explained by a low probability of gene flow among the studied accessions. This is the first report on the application of morphological characteristics in the evaluation of the phenotypic variation of S. rosmarinus. This study presented a high phenotypic diversity of S. rosmarinus germplasm that could provide useful information for conservation and selection of cross‐parents in breeding