Multicenter study of pars plana vitrectomy for optic disc pit maculopathy: MACPIT study

Purpose To evaluate surgical intervention with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for correction of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M). Patients and methods Retrospective chart review from 13 centres of 51 eyes of 50 patients with ODP-M who underwent PPV between 2002-2014. Anatomic and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes were evaluated for all cases with different adjuvant techniques. Results There were 23 males and 27 females with median age 25.5 (6-68) years. Preoperative median foveal thickness was 694.5 (331-1384) mu m and improved to 252.5 (153-1405) mu m. Median BCVA improved from 20/200 (20/20000 to 20/40) to 20/40 (20/2000 to 20/20) with 20/40 or better in 31 eyes. Complete retinal reattachment was achieved in 44 eyes (86.3%) at 7.1 (5.9) months. The good surgical outcomes were achieved in different adjuvant groups. Median follow-up was 24 (6 to 120) months. Conclusions These results confirm the long-term effectiveness of PPV for ODP-M. Prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of any adjuvant technique in improving the success of PPV for ODP-M

Accidental Intralenticular Injection of Ozurdex® for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Intact Posterior Capsule and Resolution of Macular Edema

Purpose. We present a case of accidental intralenticular injection of Ozurdex implant in a patient with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Method. A case report. Results. Intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection had been performed for macular edema due to left superior temporal vein branch occlusion to the left eye of a 78-year-old male patient. The slit-lamp examination 85 days later revealed that the dexamethasone implant was intralenticular. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.16 on the Snellen chart. Cataract surgery was decided on for the cataract as there was no anterior chamber inflammation, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal, and the macular edema had resolved. Uneventful phacoemulsification within the bag intraocular lens placement was performed. Conclusions. Accidental intralenticular Ozurdex injection is an extremely rare complication. The surgeon must decide whether to continue to observe or intervene immediately when such a complication is encountered. Cataract surgery can be planned if the macular edema has resolved and a cataract has developed. It is important to evaluate the posterior capsule with ultrasound biomicroscopy and Scheimpflug imaging before the cataract surgery to ensure a safe surgical procedure

Influence of compaction water content on the hydraulic conductivity of sandbentonite and zeolite-bentonite mixtures

Although investigation of the hydraulic conductivity behaviour of zeolite-bentonite mixtures (ZBMs) has been a topic of interest for researchers recently, the influence of compaction water content on the hydraulic conductivity of ZBMs has not been studied so far. This study discusses the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs and compares the results with those of sand-bentonite mixtures (SBMs). The hydraulic conductivities of SBMs were unaffected by compaction water content and bentonite content, but the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs were substantially different in mixtures containing 10% and 20% bentonite. The hydraulic conductivity of 10% ZBM (i.e. containing 10% bentonite and 90% wt. zeolite) gradually decreased as the water content increased to optimum water content and then it tended to decrease rapidly when the water content exceeded the optimum. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity of 20% ZBM sharply decreased at the early stages of compaction water content (i.e. on the dry side of optimum water content) and levelled off when the water content was at the optimum water content. However, there is at least one order of magnitude difference between the hydraulic conductivities of ZBMs and SBMs, supporting the zeolite network model as suggested in previous works

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy with Contralateral Uveitis: A Case Report

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Determining the engineering properties of bentonite - Zeolite mixtures Bentonit - Zeolit karişimlarinin mühendislik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

In this study, bentonite-embedded zeolites with different bentonite content were developed for possible use as barrier material, as an alternative to bentonite-embedded sand. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-bentonite and zeolite; volumetric shrinkage, compaction characteristics; and hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures were investigated. Considering the zero adsorption capacity of sand, the practical implication of high CEC of zeolite is remarkable. Hydraulic conductivity tests on bentonite embedded zeolite with 10% and 20% bentonite content show that the hydraulic conductivity of both mixtures are less than 1*10 -9 m/s, which meets the common regulatory requirements. Moreover, the test results reveal that variations in hydraulic conductivity of the mixtures with different stress conditions are negligible for practical purposes

Results of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Treatment for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Pur po se: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab injection for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ma te ri al and Met hod: In this study, we included forty-eight eyes of 43 age-related macular degeneration patients followed for at least twelve months. Mean age was 73.65±8.93 years and mean follow-up time was 14.2 months. All patients received three consecutive monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections and then were followed up with clinical examination and optic coherence tomography monthly. Re-injection was executed as needed. Re sults: Twenty patients were male (46.5%) and twenty-three patients were female (53.5%). The average number of ranibizumab injection was 3.7 (3-7) per eye. Twenty-six lesions (54.2%) were classic (predominantly and minimally) and twenty-two (45.8%) were occult. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 46.8 letters with ETDRS chart at the initial examination and 55.5 letters at twelfth month. Mean central foveal thickness decreased from 320 microns to 269 microns. There was a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity and central foveal thickness. On the other hand, this improvement was not significant between lesion types. During follow-up, there were no systemic or serious ocular complications determined. Dis cus si on: Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is safe and effective, both anatomically and functionally, for age-related macular degeneration. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 25-

Outcomes of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Diabetic Macular Edema

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone (OZURDEX®) implantation in patients with recalcitrant diabetic macular edema. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective non-randomized study of patients who underwent intravitreal dexamethasone implantation for recalcitrant diabetic macular edema. Main outcome measures included changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and incidence of ocular side effects. Results: Fifty-seven eyes of thirty-eight patients (20 females, 18 males; mean age 65±7 years) were included in the study. The mean hemoglobin A1c level was 7.9±1.7%. Before entering the study, patients had undergone 5.71±3.40 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and 3.44±2.46 intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections. The mean duration of diabetes and diabetic macular edema was 17.2±6.4 years and 60.2±17.6 months, respectively. At baseline, mean CMT was 506.76±166.74 µm, and the mean BCVA was 0.68±0.38 LogMAR. Mean CMT significantly decreased to 341.36±146.26 µm (p<0.001), 324.41±114.58 µm (p<0.001), and 384.82±151 µm (p<0.001) at 1, 3, and 4 months of follow-up and increased again to 462.29±152.87 µm at 5 months. Sixteen eyes (28%) received second injections after mean of 7.4±2.3 months and mean CMT was again significantly decreased at 7, 8, and 9 months. Significant improvement in mean BCVA (0.54±0.41 LogMAR; p<0.001) occurred only at 1 month after implantation. However, subgroup analysis revealed significant BCVA improvement in the pseudophakic group at 1, 3, and 4 months. Among phakic patients, 50% showed cataract progression and 28% had elevated intraocular pressure increase which was managed medically. Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation was effective for the first 4 months in eyes with recalcitrant diabetic macular edema. However, it is hard to displace anti-VEGF agents as first-line therapy due to steroid-related complications