Levels of immunoglobulin G, white blood cells and fibrinogen in dairy cows with and without endometritis during the transitional period

La performance reproductive des vaches laitières est dépendante de la santé utérine pendant la période postpartum. Dans des circonstances normales, près de 100% des vaches sont contaminées par l'utérus dans les deux semaines qui suivent le vêlage. Graduellement le système immunitaire inné et reproducteur combine leur effort pour éliminer les agents infectieux, mais une infection utérine persiste chez plus de 40% des vaches en postpartum. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'estimer les concentrations d'indicateurs immunitaires systémiques tels que les globules blancs , les IgG et le fibrinogène pendant la période de transition chez les vaches laitières sans endométrite et de les comparer celles avec une endométrite. Un total de trois troupeaux laitiers commerciaux situés au Québec (Canada) dans la région maskoutaine ont été recrutées ou 61 vaches multipares ont été systématiquement et consécutivement inscrites au moment du tarissement, puis examinées six fois entre 40 jours (J-40) avant et 40 jours (J40) après le vêlage. Les six examens comprenaient une évaluation de la boiterie, la collecte d'échantillons de lait et de sang, un examen transrectal et vaginal, et une cytobrosse vaginale. Les vaches malades (n = 11) ont été identifiées sur la base de la présence de Troprella pyogenes de grade > 2 dans l'utérus (J21), d'endométrite clinique et subclinique et de cervicite (J35). Les animaux du groupe contrôle (n = 11) ont été caractérisés par l'absence des quatre critères. Pour les 61 vaches sélectionnées au tarissement, les prévalences de l'endométrite clinique, de l'endométrite subclinique, T. pyogenes et de cervicite étaient respectivement de 23%, 16%, 25% et 31%. Les concentrations d'indicateurs inflammatoires systémiques IgG, les concentrations de globules blancs , et de fibrinogène n'ont pas changé de manière significative durant la période de transition ou varié de manière significative entre les vaches contrôles et malades à tous les temps de prélèvements. En conclusion, les indicateurs systémiques de l'inflammation ne sont pas de bons marqueurs pour diagnostiquer ou pour faire le suivi de l'endométrite chez les vaches laitières pendant la période de transition.Reproductive performance is particularly dependent on uterine health during the postpartum period. Under normal circumstances, close to 100% of cows have uterine contamination within the first 2 weeks after calving. The innate immune and reproductive system usually eliminate all of the offending microbes, however persistent infection reportedly occurs over 20 % of postpartum cows. The aims of this study were to estimate concentrations of systemic immune indicators like white blood cells (WBC), IgG, and fibrinogen during the transitional period in dairy cows and to compare these concentrations in dairy cows with and without endometritis. A total of three different commercial dairy herds located in Quebec (Canada) in the Maskoutain region were recruited, and 61 multiparous cows were systematically and consecutively enrolled at drying period and then examined six times between 40 days (J-40) before and after calving (J40). All six exams included an assessment of lameness, the collection of milk and blood samples, a transrectal and vaginal exam, and a vaginal cytobrush. Diseased cows (n = 11) were identified based on the presence of T. pyogenes grade >2 in the uterus, clinical and subclinical endometritis, and cervicitis. The control group animals (n = 11) were characterized by the absence of all four criteria. For the 61 cows, the prevalence for clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis , T. pyogenes, and cervicitis were 23%, 16%, 25%, and 31% respectively. Concentrations of the systemic inflammatory indicators (IgG, WBC, and fibrinogen) did not change significantly over time or vary significantly between control and diseased cows at any exam. In conclusion, systemic indicators of inflammation are not good markers for diagnosing or monitoring endometritis in postpartum dairy cows

Construction of MultiRegional Input-Output Table with CHARM Method

The Multi-Regional Input-Output Table (MRIO) provides comprehensive information on the economic statistics of regions, with help of which economic structure of regions and economic relations among them are determined. Since regional tables and statistics data of inter-regional trade, which are necessary for the construction of multi-regional output tables, are not created by official institutions in Iran, using non-survey methods in regional Input-output literature is the only solution. The main aim of this paper is to provide a nine-zone Input-output table based on the CHARM method in Iran, and to estimate interregional trade. Regional accounts and the national statistical Input-output table in 2011 of Iran’s Statistical Center, have been used as statistical bases. The results of this study indicate that the total value of Interregional trade in Iran is 1000679 billion rials. The highest volume of interregional trade belongs to Khuzestan region is 337658, and the region of southern Alborz with a volume of 242225 and the lowest volume is related to the Azarbaijan region with a volume of 38,283 billion Rials. The largest volume of interregional trade of Iran is in the crude oil and natural gas sector, and then services. The highest volume of interregional trade in the Shomal, Azerbaijani, South-Eastern and Zagros regions are in the agricultural sector, Khuzestan region in the crude oil and natural gas sector, Fars region in the construction of petroleum products and chemicals, the south Alborze and Khorasan regions are in the service sector And the Central region in the manufacturing of metals and electronic and metal products

Experimental ovarian transplantation on stomach for bone repair in ovariohysterectomized rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate the bone repair process in ovariohysterectomized rabbit submitted to an ovarian transplant to stomach that may supplying some quantity of estrogen occurs to improve bone healing. METHODS: In 20 female rabbits three holes of 1, 2 and 3mm diameter in tibial shaft were made and after that all animals received OHE through a ventral incision and they were randomly divided into two groups of ten rabbits each. In group one, animals received one of their self-ovaries that transplanted on serosal layer of stomach and group two did not receive treatment. Animals were kept during bone healing for a period of 45 days and radiological, biochemical, biomechanical and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: The tibial defects in group one healed completely after 45 days and had more callous than second group. There is significant difference between two groups after operation in 21, 28 and 35 days about estrogen, progesterone and phosphatase Alkaline. The maximum forces in group one, were significantly higher than that for the group two. CONCLUSION:Ovarian transplantation prevents the effects of ovariohysterectomized on bone healing of rabbit tibia, suggesting that unilateral transplanted ovaries can substitute for the action of ovaries on the skeleton in ovariohysterectomized animals