Forensic dentistry in human identification: A review of the literature

An update is provided of the literature on the role of odontology in human identification, based on a PubMed-Medline search of the last 5 years and using the terms: 'forensic dentistry' (n = 464 articles), 'forensic odontology' (n = 141 articles) and 'forensic dentistry identification' (n = 169 articles). Apart from these initial 774 articles, others considered to be important and which were generated by a manual search and cited as references in review articles were also included. Forensic dentistry requires interdisciplinary knowledge, since the data obtained from the oral cavity can contribute to identify an individual or provide information needed in a legal process. Furthermore, the data obtained from the oral cavity can narrow the search range of an individual and play a key role in the victim identification process following mass disasters or catastrophes. This literature search covering the last 5 years describes the novelties referred to buccodental studies in comparative identification, buccodental evaluation in reconstructive identification, human bites as a method for identifying the aggressor, and the role of DNA in dental identification. The oral cavity is a rich and noninvasive source of DNA, and can be used to solve problems of a social, economic or legal nature

The effects of sr2w-1 supplementation on cycling performance and muscle fatigue

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential effects of SR2W-1 supplementation on cycling performance, central fatigue, and a variety of physiological parameters, including blood lactate, blood pH, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), expired ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Methods: Five recreational cyclists (38 ± 8 yr, 168.4 ± 4.3 cm, 68.8 ± 5.6 kg, and 54.4 ± 2.6 mL/kg/min) performed 20-min of steady-state cycling (~85% VO2max) followed by three 1-min high intensity intervals at VO2max with 30-sec active recovery periods at 100 W, 15-min passive recovery period, and a ride to fatigue (or \u3c 50 RPM) at VO2max. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 1000mg/d of SR2W-1 (EXP) or 1000mg/d placebo (PLA). The supplement was distributed in a double-blind, crossover fashion. The twenty-one day supplementation periods were separated by a 14-day “washout” period. Change-scores from pre- to post- supplementation were calculated for all parameters, under both PLA and EXP conditions. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests were utilized to compare change-scores between PLA and EXP conditions. Results: There were no differences between PLA and EXP for any of the dependent variables; however several variables approached significance (p \u3c 0.1). Specifically blood glucose levels, HR and ventilation increased to a greater extent with EXP, compared to PLA throughout the 20-min ride and high intensity intervals. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the small sample size, 3 weeks of herbal supplementation (SR2W-1) does not appear to aid in cycling performance, attenuate skeletal muscle fatigue, or modify the general physiological responses to exercise

Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth

The aim of this article was to review the literature on supernumerary teeth, analyzing their prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and possible complications. An electronic search was made in the Pubmed-Medline database up to January 2014 using the key search terms "multiple supernumerary teeth" (n=279), "prevalence supernume rary teeth" (n=361), and "supernumerary teeth" (n=2412). In addition to the articles initially identified, others were included in the review proceeding from a manual search and from any references considered of relevance. Supernumerary teeth are those that exceed the normal dental formula. They are more common in men, more common in the upper maxilla, and more prevalent in permanent dentition. Complications associated with supernumerary teeth include dental impaction, delayed eruption, ectopic eruption, overcrowding, spacing anomalies and the formation of follicular cysts. The treatment of supernumerary teeth depends on their type, position, and possible complications, detected clinically and radiographically. No clear consensus exists as to the best time to extract unerupted supernumerary teeth

HOW TO DEVELOP WRITING SKILLS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE?

Writing is potentially to be the most difficult skill for Foreign Language (FL) learners to master (Nunan 1999). It motivates thinking, that is, it can help learners to organise their ideas, and develop their critical thinking skills to summarise, analyse, and criticize (Rao, 2007). In this paper, the authors analyze the role of reading in the process of developing writing skills. Literature review shows that there is a close interconnection between the two skills. The relationship has been discussed since a long time, and the beneficial mutual influence of the two skills has been revealed. These interrelations between reading and writing are significant to understand in order to develop these skills effectively. The authors then analyse how a reading passage can be exploited to boost writing skills. In particular, reading passage can be used as a model, as a source of ideas, as a sample of language use, which eventually advances writing skills. Finally, the authors studied several coursebooks to find out how reading is used in the process of teaching writing. Observations and recommendations are shared at the end of the article. Namely, the authors confirmed that the idea of integration is widely exploited by the textbook writers. Moreover, every single reading passage is looked at from different perspectives and is used for several purposes.  Article visualizations

Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients treated with bisphosphonates

The literature describes an increasing presence of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), characterized by the exposure for over 8 weeks of necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region, after bisphosphonate therapy, in the absence of prior maxillary radiotherapy. The present literature review examines the etiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical forms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bisphosphonate-induced ONJ. In addition, a review is made of all the series involving over 15 patients diagnosed with this disorder between 1 January 2011 and 15 May 2011. A PubMed-Medline search was carried out with the following key words: 'bisphosphonates' and 'osteonecrosis'. The appearance of osteonecrosis is a serious complication, with an increasing incidence, that affects patient quality of life and causes important morbidity. All patients treated with bisphosphonates are at risk of developing osteonecrosis as a result of such medication. This potential complication therefore should be explained to the patient by both the prescribing physician and the dental surgeon in charge of oral treatment, with the obtainment of informed consent in all cases

Firma Karakteristiginin Sermaye Yapisi Uzerindeki Analizi

Financial policies about asset usage and resource gathering which firms use in order to maintain optimal capital structure, define firm characteristics. In this study the effects of firm characteristics on capital structure analyzed empirically with panel data analysis. A capital structure determinant which represents firm characteristics is used as; debt ratio, liquidity ratio, interest coverage ratio, firm size and growth ratios. Research conducted through Basic Metal Industry, Metal Goods, Machinery and Tool Industry companies which operate in Istanbul Stock Exchange. According to the results all the determinants of firm characteristics except firm size have a negative impact on capital structureOptimal Capital Structure, Leverage Ratio, Firm Size, Panel Data Analysis

Evaluation of the efficacy of modal analysis in predicting the pullout strength of fixation bone screws

Abstract Background Pilot hole preparation has been shown to have an impact on the short and long‐term stability of the screw fixation constructs. Purpose Investigation and comparison of two nondestructive modal analysis methods with conventional insertion torque (IT) and pullout tests in optimum pilot hole diameter detection. Methods Twenty conical core titanium screws were embedded in high‐density polyethylene blocks with different pilot hole diameters. The maximum IT was recorded for each screw during implantation. Then, two modal analysis methods including accelerometer (classical modal analysis [CMA]) and acoustic modal analysis (AMA) were carried out to measure the natural frequency (NF) of the bone‐screw structure. Finally, stiffness (S), pullout force (Fult), displacement at Fult (dult) and energy dissipation (ED) were obtained from the destructive pullout test. Results The IT increased, as the pilot hole diameter decreased. The maximum value of IT was observed in the smallest pilot hole diameter. The same trend was found for the Fult and the first NF derived from both modal methods except for 5.5 mm pilot hole diameter. The natural NFs derived from CMA and AMA showed high correlations in different groups (R2 = 0.94) and did not deviate from y = x hypothesis in linear regression analysis. The Fult, dult, and ED were measured 4800 ± 172 N, 3.10 ± 0.08 mm and 14.23 ± 1.10 N.mm, respectively. Discussion No significant change was observed in “S” between the groups. The highest Fult and first NF were obtained for the 5.5 mm pilot hole diameter. Both CMA and AMA were found to be reliable methods and can promote the undesirable contradiction between Fult and IT