The Chemical Changes That Associating to Concentrates of Apple Juice during Storage Periods

we took  in this work Twenty kg of apple juice concentrate (70%) from company of Natural Aljabal Juice from AL-suidaa Governorate and prarerd two concentarate (15% and 35%) by using distilled –sterlization water . these samples stoered at (4-20-30-40)ºc for 6 months . Chemical tests were assayed in the every month average two repeats to every concentrate and all different temperatures and recored the average, The chemical analysis results show: There is reduce in total soluble solids TSS , afew changes of pH and the acidity relaise in all samples that storage at 20 ºc beacause it is agreeable for oraganisms to grow.The produces of oeganisms were ( patuline - diacytle- alcohol ): the amount of  patuline that is determine with Liquid Chromatography (HPLC ) was less than 50micro gram/kg in juice in all samples and under all condtation storage that is less than limit value for fumble device, there was relaised of amount in diacytle in samples of juice 15% (4.1±0.3) ppm in the end of second  storage at temperature 20 ºc while  the amount of apple juice 35%-70% was very little 1.9ppm at temperature 30 ºc for apple juice in the third month of storage and 1.69 ppm for apple juice 70% in the third month of storage  at 20 ºc, amonnt of alcohol relies to upper value (2.55    ± 0.1) % in apple juice 35% at 20 ºc in the sixth month of storage , the amount of alcohol in apple juice 20% was  (1.25 ±0.4 )% in the sixth month of storage  and 0.52 % in apple juice 70%  at 30ºc in the second month of storage . Keywords: Apple juice concentrate - total soluble solids TSS- diacytle – patulin- alcohol

Pragmatic Explicitation Strategy in Rendering of Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North into English: A Socio-cultural Study

The current paper aims to  study critically how the translator(Denys Johnson-Davies) has employed  explicitation strategy in rendering the novel of Tayeb Salih's'' Season of Migration to the North into English''. The objective of the study is to examine the usage of explicitation strategy by the intended  translator in rendering the novel  from Arabic into English. The novel has many complicated symbols  and  many literary and thematic techniques such as the reference to the Nile, the sand, the palm tree which may pose  some  lexical and cultural challenges for the translator to reproduce the text into the target language. The data to be analyzed here is a set of  selected expressions chosen randomly from various pages  of the intended  novel. The selected data were then classified on the basis of reasons for which explicitation strategy was used and the effectiveness of explicitation strategy in rendering  some cultural expressions into English . The result of the study reveals  that the translator (Denys Johnson-Davies)has resorted to some  types of explicitation strategy categorized by Klaudy. They are : the obligatory, optional and pragmatic  explicitation such as (addition ,substitution ,  recasts and  narrowing ( specification). Keywords: Explicitation Strategy, symbols, challenges, pragmatic, addition, substitution DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/57-05 Publication date:June 30th 201

Teachers in the Twenty-first Century and Challenges of Technological Innovation in Teaching and Learning

In the present-day world, technological innovation is increasing the use of online tools and software. These tools have accelerated among academic institutions and teachers for impacting the student's skills and professional development. This study aims to explore differences between male and female teachers concerning their competencies and abilities for using computers and the internet for career development. The study also aimed to find out the competencies of male and female teachers for probing their influence on preparing students for technology integration in education. 768 teachers were chosen randomly from the public schools in the Asir region, KSA. The gathered data was quantitatively assessed by using SPSS, and which results were presented in descriptive and inferential forms. T-test results confirmed that male teachers' skills in using computers for professional development are minimal because the overall mean was 23.1471. The results reveal that the computer competency level among all teachers was higher for males as compared to females. It also indicates the need for a training program for future female teachers at training colleges as gender differences is indicated in terms of instructions, school technical support, and their future development. However, the findings of the study are specific to one region (Asir), which may not be generalized to other areas of the Kingdom of Saudi  Arabia

Ideo-Cultural and Lexical Challenges Encountered in Translating Qur'anic Metaphoric Expression into English: With Reference to Three Translations of the Meaning of the Holy Quran

The current study aims to investigate the possible inconsistencies and incongruities that exist in the translation of metaphoric expressions of Qur'anic verses in the English. The analysis has been conducted through the comparison of prominent English translators of Quran such as Mohammed A.S Abdel Haleem, Mohammed. M Pickthall and Mohammed Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilal. Also, the study aims to explore how the three translators deal with the metaphoric expressions in their renditions of the Holy Quran. This endeavor is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of English translations of the Quran, particularly in the context of English readers for non-Arabic Muslims in particular, where euphemisms are concerned. The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the extent to which the three translators are accurate in translating the Qur'anic metaphors into English based upon the contexts and the interpretive meaning. It is hypothesized in this paper that Qu'ranic metaphors are rhetorical, aesthetic devices, but have unfortunately remained unattended by the majority of Holy Quran translators. The study has revealed that metaphors are used profusely throughout the Holy Quran, although translating these metaphors accurately is a difficult process owing to cultural and linguistic barriers that exist between Arabic and English cultures. It is expected that the study will cast light on two important ideas. The first is that the translators are fully aware of the existence of metaphoric expressions in the Qur’an. Secondly, it is essential that translators of the Holy Qur’an must translate these metaphors accurately to preserve the original meaning of the Qur’anic text. Keywords: Qur'anic metaphors, linguitic, the metaphoric expressions, analysis, comparison, translating, and problems DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/53-0

Translating some Qur'anic Connotative Meanings into English Language: A Socio-pragmatic Comparative Study

The current study has focused on the use of translating and connotative words and their basic and secondary meanings in the selected surah of the Holy Quran with special references to the three translations of the meanings of the Holy Quran. The study has explored to three translation namely Abdul-Haleem,Mohammed M. Pickhall and Muhammed M.Khan and Mohammed Hilali. The present  study does not claim  to encompass all aspects of change   of the three translations. Rather, it has focused on the aspect of connotation of the selected pairs of meanings in their Quranic contexts and with different nuances in adjacent context as well. Indeed, the Holy Quran  carries  an abundance  of  connotation  with minute differences  and thus they create  a lot of  difficulties  to the translators of  the Holy Quran. By analyzing the corpus of examples of the various English translations of the meaning of the Holy Quran the researcher realized that some deviations and under translations are the results of insufficient references of the Holy Quran, lack of understanding of Arabic rhetoric and inability to decode the nuances of  connotative words. If translators choose to under translate by ignoring the nuances of connotative words, they would fail to accommodate all the meanings of the original; this is because connotations, in the Holy Quran serve a purpose. In order to maintain the informative and aesthetic functions of connotative Qur'anic words  and phrases, translators should try to produce render them in approximate adequate and accurate renditions. Keywords: connotative meaning, Socio-pragmatic, the Holy Quran, translatio

Present Situation of Field Training for the Students of Accounting in Saudi Universities: A Field Study on Female Students of the Accounting Department – Princess Nora University

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع التدريب الميداني لطلبة التعليم المحاسبي في الجامعات السعودية، من أجل الارتقاء بمستواه والاستفادة القصوى منه في اكتساب الخبرات العملية والمهارات المهنية في مجال المحاسبة وغيرها من مهارات الخبرة الميدانية. وتحقيقا لذلك تم إجراء دراسة ميدانية على طالبات التدريب بقسم المحاسبة جامعة الأميرة نورة. وتم استخدام استبانة مكونة من جزأين لجمع المعلومات حول واقع التدريب الميداني طبقت على عينة طبقية عشوائية من الطالبات المتوقع تخرجهن من القسم والمسجلات في برنامج التدريب الميداني حيث كانت العينة على ثلاثة فصول دراسية تختلف فيها أعداد الطالبات والأيام المخصصة للتدريب. أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بمستوى دلالة (α=0.05) في نوع التدريب لبناء المعارف والمهارات المحاسبية لدى الطالبات المتوقع تخرجهن من قسم المحاسبة يعزى إلى اختلاف الجهات التدريبية. كما أظهرت النتائج أن تزامن كتابة بحث التخرج مع التدريب وعدم كفاية الفترة التدريبية يقلل من اكتساب الخبرات المحاسبية المرجوة من التدريب الميداني، وأن التدريب غير المتصل يعوق حصول الطالبات على فرص تدريبية مناسبة، وأن التدريب خلال الفصل الصيفي يعد كافياً ومناسباً. الكلمات المفتاحية: التدريب الميداني، التعليم المحاسبي.     This study aimed to explore the present situation of field training for the students of the accounting education in Saudi Universities, so as to raise its level and make the best use of it to gain practical experience and professional skills in accounting and other relevant field skills. To achieve this, a field study was conducted on trainee students of the Accounting Department – Princess Nourah University. To collect data for the study, a questionnaire consisting of two parts was used and distributed to groups of female students who were selected through the stratified random method. The sample represented students who were expected to graduate from the department, and who were registered in the Field Training Program. The sample involved students from different three academic levels, and various training days. The results showed statistically significant differences at (α =0.05) in the type of training for building accounting knowledge and skills of the students in the accounting department. This is attributed to the different training institutions. The results also revealed that writing graduation research simultaneously with the training program, whose allotted time is inadequate, would reduce the chance of gaining the desired experiences of field training. It was also clear that discontinuous training would hinder the students from getting the appropriate training opportunities, and that conducting training during the summer semester seemed sufficient and appropriate. Keywords: Accounting education, Field training

A Critical Study of Rendering Mark Twain's the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn into Arabic

تتناول الدراسة الحالية ترجمة مختار  محمد لتحفة مارك توين الأدبية  مغامرات هالكبري فين إلى العربية وهي من روائع الأدب الأمريكي. تهدف الدراسة الحالية كذلك على أبراز بعض الصعوبات اللغوية والثقافية التي اعترضت المترجم  المصري لتحفة مارك توين الأدبية  مغامرات هالكبري فين إلى العربية ومن النتائج  المهمة لهذه الدراسة أن الترجمة عملية دقيقة لا نستطيع ربطها بعلم آخر, لا سيما إذا كان هذا العلم لم تضبط أصوله بقدر في مجال علم الألفاظ مثلا  وبناء المعجم. والصعوبات تأتي عن كون كل ترجمة عملية متعددة الجوانب وهي في أساسها عملية السنية تتلخص في مطابقة(application ) للغة ما في لغة أخرى.وبما أن كل لغة تشكل من الأنظمة فان  أنظمة اللغة المصدر تختلف عن أنظمة اللغة الهدف . توصلت الدراسة الى إن لا يمكن لآي ترجمة أن تكون خالية من الإشكاليات والسلبيات وتبقى ترجمة هذا الكتاب نتاج أدبي ما كترجمة روايات مغامرات هالكبري فن في مصاف الفن وكما في الحال بالنسبة لكل فن , فهي ليست ثابتة بلا تغير. تقع هذه الدراسة في خمس فصول, الفصل الأول(المقدمة) . أما الفصل الثاني  فقد تناول موضوع أدبية النص المترجم.الفصل الثالث تناول ملاحظات عامة حول ترجمة روايات مغامرات هالكبري فين. الفصل الرابع كرس لنقد للفصل الأول لترجمة الرواية. وتناول الفصل الخامس نقد للفصل الثاني من الرواية. الكلمات المفتاح: Adventures, Huckleberry و Critical Study, Renderin

A Pragmalinguistic - Assessment of Three Translations of the Meaning of the Qur'anic Reprehensible Moral Traits into English

The current study reports the results of a research that aimed markedly at probing the loss in rendering the meaning of the Qur'anic reprehensible moral traits into English, and how these a pragmalinguistic losses can be decreased minimally The study also aimed at identifying the causes of the intended pragmalinguistic losses. Three ayahs were purposefully selected to address the questions of the study . The results revealed that the pragmalinguistic loss in rendering the meaning of Qur'anic reprehensible moral traits into English occurred attribute to spectra of factors such as lack of equivalence and the translation strategies adopted by the three translators who respectively are'' Abdullah Yusuf Ali (The Meanings of the Glorious Quran), Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali.( Towards Understanding the Ever Glorious Quran) ,Mohammed Asad( The Message of the Quran). Last not the least the study suggests solutions for the identified problems. Keywords: reprehensible moral traits,, translation strategies translation loss, the Holy Quran,. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/65-02 Publication date: February 29th 202