Vascular segmentation in X-ray angiograms using frangi filter

X-ray angiography systems are essential method of diagnosis of coronary arteries from angiography images. Coronary angiography is known as the gold standard; for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, Visual interpretation of angiography images are difficult due to the gradual crossing and overlap of the vessels on the angiogram. For this reason, many segmentation methods have been used to obtain blood vessel structures in the human body. These blood vessel segmentation methods can be classified; model-based tracking, propagation, artificial neural network (ANN), and fuzzy. Also, accurate segmentation of vascular structures in 2D angiography images is an important task for clinical practices such as computer-aided diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment. In general, Hessian-based vessel enhancement filters are known to be achieve in segmenting vessels from angiography images. In this study, the vascular structures of the coronary arteries were obtained by image processing including contrast enhancement methods using Frangi filter. We present the most important skill in coronary vessel segmentation methods by researching coronary vessel extraction and development method.No sponso

The application of image filtering methods in mammography image

Medical images have recently become an important part of patient care. Techniques for image processing and analysis are generally used in medicine. Medical images are complicated, and they differ significantly from one application to the next. Image processing is required to obtain high-quality medical images for accurate diagnosis. In medical applications, the purpose of image processing and analysis is to improve image quality and extract quantitative information from images as efficiently and accurately as possible. In this paper, noise reduction filters were used to improve the mammography image. Filters are used to improve noise and reduce noises by the linear filter, median filter, and wiener filter. Filtering processes have been applied to image formats with medical content, such as mammography images, which are different from standard digital images. In addition, metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), which enables the performance of different filtering techniques to be evaluated, were also calculated and compared.No sponso

The effects of region of interest, differentiation methods and rebinning sizes on the modulation transfer function of a mammography systems

Bu çalışmada, mamografi sisteminin görüntü kalitesi matematiksel yöntemler ile ölçülmüştür. Mamografi sistemlerinde performans ölçümleri için uygulanan yeni yöntemler, bu sistemlerin görüntü kalitesinin sayısal olarak değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Görüntüleme kalitesinin sayısal değerlendirilmesi, görsel değerlendirmelere göre daha objektif sonuçlar verdiğinden çalışma kapsamında sayısal değerlendirmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Modülasyon transfer fonksiyonu (MTF) hesaplanmasında kenar görüntüleme metodu kullanılmış ve bu metodun kullanımında açı hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Farklı ilgi alan seçimlerinde (ROI) kenar dağılım fonksiyonlarının (ESF) nasıl değiştiği gözlemlenmiş, farklı türev seçimlerinin çizgisel dağılım fonksiyonu (LSF) ve MTF üzerine etkisi ve ince gruplama (rebinning) işleminin ESF, LSF, MTF üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bütün bu yöntemlerin hesaplamaları, MATLAB programı kullanılarak tasarlanıp gerçekleştirilmiştir.In this study, the image quality of the mammography system was measured by mathematical methods. New methods for performance measurements have been used to quantitatively evaluate the image quality in mammography systems. Since the quantitative evaluation of imaging quality gives more objective results than evaluation of visual, numerical evaluations have been emphasized within the scope of the study. The Slanted-edge method was used for the calculation of modulation transfer function (MTF), and angular calculations were made in the use of this method. On effect of different region-of-interest (ROI) selection on edge spread function (ESF), use of different differentiation methods for line spread function (LSF), MTF, and on the effect of different rebinning sizes on ESF, LSF and MTF were investigated. All these methods consist of the calculation were designed to perform using the MATLAB program.No sponso

209Bi izotopunun (p,xn), (p,xp), (p,xd) ve (p,xt) Reaksiyonlarının Teorik Nükleer Modeller İle İncelenmesi

Nükleer fizik alanındaki gelişmeler; arkeoloji, jeoloji, mühendislik, astrofizik, kozmoloji, kimya, biyoloji, tıp gibi bilim dallarını da etkilemektedir. Nükleer reaksiyon mekanizmalarını anlamak, reaksiyon modelleri oluşturmak ve mevcut nükleer reaksiyon modellerinin geçerliliğini değerlendirmek için nükleer modellerin incelenmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada protonlarla bombardıman edilen 209-Bi (209Bi) izotopunun nötron, proton, döteryum ve trityum yayınlanma spektrumları incelenmiştir. Çalışmadaki sonuçlar, TALYS 1.95 nükleer reaksiyon kodu kullanılarak yapılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar Uluslararası Deneysel Nükleer Reaksiyon Data (EXFOR) kütüphanesinden elde edilen deneysel verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak incelenen, direkt reaksiyon, bileşik çekirdek ve denge öncesi mekanizmalarının sonuçları deneysel veriler ile uyumlu olarak çıkmıştır

Vagal nerve stimulation effects on generalized-partial seizures and medication in adult drug-resistant epilepsy patients

AIm: The aim of this study was to find out if vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) affect the generalized-partial seizure count and medical treatment in adult drug resistant epilepsy patients. Mater Ial and Methods: Twenty adult patients who were diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy were investigated retrospectively for vagal nerve stimulator implantation between 2001 and 2010 at the Neurosurgery Departments of Ufuk University and Gulhane Military Medical Academy. The effects of vagal nerve stimulation on generalized-partial seizures and medical treatment was scored and if a significant difference was found, a comparison was made by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Pairwise. For all the group analyses, the statistical significant rank was accepted as a p value <0.05. Bonferroni correction was made when it was needed during pairwise comparisons. Results : VNS significantly decreased the scores of generalized-partial seizures. There was no decrease in the doses of antiepileptic drugs and the medical treatment was resumed as before the implantation. The results were correlated with the relevant literature. ConclusIon: VNS is an alternative treatment option for drug resistant epilepsy for patients who are not ideal candidates for surgery or are not healed after epilepsy surgery

Comparison of Anastomosis Safety in Colonic Dissections Using Scalpel, Scissors and Cautery in Rats: Experimental Study

Objective:Postoperative anastomotic leakage is still an issue in modern surgery. Re-hospitalization due to postoperative anastomosis leakage prolongs hospital stay and re-operations increase the cost. There is still no consent on how to dissect the intestines. The objective of the present study is to analyze the safety of colonic anastomoses after dissections using scalpel, scissors and cautery in rats.Method:There were 4 groups of 32 Wistar Hannover adult rodents. Each group consisted of 8 animals: group 1: sham, group 2: scalpel, group 3: scissors, group 4: cautery. Anastomosis was done over a single layer. Bursting pressure (BP) was measured at day 7. Tissue and blood samples were taken for the evaluation of biochemical and histopathological parameters.Results:Statistically significant disparity was seen among the sham, scalpel, scissors and cautery groups regarding the mean BP average, mean hydroxyproline levels and fibrosis distributions.Conclusion:Cautery is the best choice for hemostasis; however, when considering tissue healing, scalpel and the scissors were found to be safest alternatives

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Real-World Outcomes of Anti-VEGF Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Turkey: A Multicenter Retrospective Study, Bosphorus Retina Study Group Report No: 1

Objectives: To evaluate the real-world outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. Materials and Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, non-comparative study. The records of nAMD patients treated with an anti-VEGF agent on a pro re nata treatment regimen basis between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients who completed a follow-up period of 12 months were included. Primary outcome measures of this study were the visit and injection numbers during the first year. Results: Eight hundred eighty eyes of 783 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Mean number of visits at month 12 was 6.9±2.5 (range: 1-15). Mean number of injections at month 12 was 4.1±1.9 (range: 1-11). Mean visual acuity at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12 was 0.90±0.63 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.79±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.76±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), and 0.79±0.59 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), respectively. Mean central retinal thickness at baseline and months 6 and 12 was 395±153 μm (range: 91-1582), 330±115 μm (range: 99-975), and 332±114 μm (range: 106-1191), respectively. Conclusion: The numbers of visits and injections were much lower than ideal and were insufficient with the pro re nata treatment regimen