Ege Bölgesinde, Menemen Ovasında Organik Ve Konvansiyonel Tarım Uygulamalarının Pamuk Verimi Ve Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri

Çalışma; organik ve konvansiyonel tarım sistemlerinde yetiştirilen pamukların verim ve kalite değerlerini karşılaştırmak üzere, 2002-2008 yılları arasında 7 yıl süre ile pamuk+pamuk+buğday münavebe sisteminde, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde, 5 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Aynı toprak koşullarında organik sistemdeki pamuk deneme alanlarına yeşil gübre olarak fiğ (Vicia villosa L.) ve sertifikalı organik gübre (Agrobiosol) kullanılırken, konvansiyonel sistemdeki deneme alanlarına inorganik ticari gübreler toprağa uygulanmıştır. Her iki sistemden elde edilen kütlü verimleri karşılaştırıldığında organik ve konvansiyonel tarım sistemleri arasındaki verim farkı istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Organik ve konvansiyonel sisteme ait kalite kriterlerinden lif uzunluğu, uniformite indeksi, kısa lif indeksi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif kopma uzaması ve lif olgunluğu değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistikî olarak önemsiz bulunurken, lif inceliği ve çırçır randımanı değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur

Ege Bölgesinde, Menemen Ovasında Organik Ve Konvansiyonel Tarım Uygulamalarının Pamuk Verimi Ve Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri

Çalışma; organik ve konvansiyonel tarım sistemlerinde yetiştirilen pamukların verim ve kalite değerlerini karşılaştırmak üzere, 2002-2008 yılları arasında 7 yıl süre ile pamuk+pamuk+buğday münavebe sisteminde, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde, 5 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Aynı toprak koşullarında organik sistemdeki pamuk deneme alanlarına yeşil gübre olarak fiğ (Vicia villosa L.) ve sertifikalı organik gübre (Agrobiosol) kullanılırken, konvansiyonel sistemdeki deneme alanlarına inorganik ticari gübreler toprağa uygulanmıştır. Her iki sistemden elde edilen kütlü verimleri karşılaştırıldığında organik ve konvansiyonel tarım sistemleri arasındaki verim farkı istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Organik ve konvansiyonel sisteme ait kalite kriterlerinden lif uzunluğu, uniformite indeksi, kısa lif indeksi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif kopma uzaması ve lif olgunluğu değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistikî olarak önemsiz bulunurken, lif inceliği ve çırçır randımanı değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur

Biomechanical changes in the cervical spine alignment after lumbar dynamic stabilization

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the biomechanical changes in cervical spine parameters following the surgical correction of lumbar deformity with dynamic stabilization, and to evaluate how the preoperative parameters are related to these changes. Materials and Methods: Anteroposterior and lateral scoliosis radiographs of 20 patients were obtained, who underwent a dynamic stabilization (DynesysR, Zimmer, USA) and Safinaz screw peek rod placement procedures for lumbar deformity. The cervical spine parameters in the radiographs were measured in Surgimap program by an independent researcher, and they were classified into 5 categories and compared by using the Wilcoxon test in preoperative and early postoperative periods. The data were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25th Edition. Results: Between all the parameters examined, the changes in the patients’ T1 Slop Angle were found to be statistically significant (p value<0.05). Depending on this, it was concluded that dynamic stabilization of lomber deformity could change the biomechanical loads in the postoperative cervical spine alignment. Conclusion: Dynamic stabilization surgery for spinal deformity, which is conducted to restore sagittal balance, can also lead to biomechanical improvement in the cervical spine alignment

Biomechanical changes in cervical spine sequencing after rigid lumbar stabilization

Objective: Surgical stabilization of the thoraco-lumbar spine can induce biomechanical changes in other spinal regions, potentially influencing postoperative outcome. This study detected biomechanical changes in cervical spine sequencing and identify preoperative parameters associated with these changes following rigid stabilization surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (10 males and 10 females, mean age 64.6 years) with lumbar degeneration receiving rigid stabilization (polyaxial screws and titanium rods) were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative anterioposterior and sagittal scoliosis x-rays were retrospectively evaluated by an independent researcher using SurgimapR (Nemaris Inc., USA). Preoperative and postoperative cervical spine parameters were compared using Wilcoxon test. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: Among the 20 patients enrolled, 4 each were treated for degenerative disc disease, 5 had spinal stenosis, and 3 had spondylolisthesis, while 5 were treated for the previously operated spinal instability and 3 for spondylolysis. The highest instrumentation level was L1 and the lowest was L5. Radiological measurements were obtained by calibrating Surgimap for each patient using standard techniques. The T1 slope angle was significantly reduced post-surgery (p<0.05), and the magnitude of this reduction was enhanced by greater improvement in the lumbar long segment angle after rigid stabilization (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rigid stabilization for degenerative lumbar spine disease can also affect sagittal balance and alter biomechanical loads in postoperative cervical spine sequencing

B12 Vitamin and Folat Prevelance of Children and Adolescents in Diyarbakır

The most common cause of megaloblastic anemia in childhood are vitamin B12 and folat deficiency. Folat and vitamin B12 play a role in DNA synthessis in gastrointestinal, urogenital,nerves and hemotopoetic cells. The diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia is easy and the treatment cost is low.In this study, the prevalence of vitamin B12 and folat deficiencies in 889 students were determined. Vitamin B12 and folat levels in blood samples were measured via RİAThe average age were betwen 12 and 22 years. Of this students 294(%33,1) were female and 595 (%66,9) were male. The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be 2.2%, while folat deficiency was 21.8%. The mean vitamin B12 level was 331,51±144,05 pg/mL (325,60±138,91 in pg/mL male, 343,48±153,48 pg/mL in female), the mean folat level was 5,42±2,12 ng/ml (5,23±2,11 ng/ml in male, 5,80±2,10 ng/ml in female).The prevelance of folat deficiency in our region was higher than other countries, possibly due to low socioeconomical status, improper or inadequate food intake and low educational status

The effects of first irrigation times on agronomical and technological traits in different cotton cultivars

Büyük Menderes Ovası koşullarında, Ege Bölgesinin standart pamuk çeşitlerinden olan, Nazilli 84 ve Nazilli M-503'ün farklı çiçeklenme yoğunluklarında yapılan ilk sulamanın, bazı morfolojik, agronomik ve lif teknolojik özelliklerine etkisini belirleyerek en uygun ilk sulama zamanının saptanması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma, bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde iki faktörlü ve üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, ilk sulama zamanı olarak; çiçeklenme öncesi (taraklanma başlangıcından on gün sonra), çiçeklenme başlangıcı (% 25 çiçeklenme), %50 çiçeklenme ve çiçeklenme doruğu (çiçeklenme başlangıcından on gün sonra) olmak üzere 4 farklı uygulama zamanı seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada ilk sulama zamanının, boğum sayısı, tek bitki koza sayısı, erkencilik oranı, çırçır randımanı ve lif mukavemeti üzerine etkili olmadığı, buna karşılık, kütlü pamuk verimi, bitki boyu, boğum arası uzunluğu ve lif uzunluğu üzerine etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.This study was carried out to determine the effect of the first irrigation time on some morphological, agronomic and technological traits of the Aegean Region's standard cotton cultivars, Nazilli 84 and Nazilli M-503, at different flowering dates, under the Meander Valley conditions. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design with 3 replications. In the research, four different first irrigation times were taken as fallows; before flowering (ten day later from the squaring), beginning of flowering (25 % flowering), 50% flowering and at full blooming (ten day later from the flowering). The results showed that first irrigation time had no effect on nod number, number of boll per plant, first picking percentage, ginning outturn and fiber strength of cotton. On the other hand, seed cotton yield, plant height, internode and fiber length had affected significantly from first irrigation time

Surgical management of subaxial cervical spine trauma: a case report

Günümüzde teknolojinin ilerlemesi ve motorlu taşıt kullanımının artması sonucunda omurga yaralanmaları sık karşılaşılan bir durum haline gelmiştir. Sıklıkla motorlu taşıt kazaları sonrası oluşan omurga travmaları en sık servikal özellikle de alt servikal de denilen subaksiyal servikal bölgede görülür ve hastaların %70 inde nörolojik hasar meydana gelir. Halen tartışmalı olmakla birlikte nörolojik değerlendirme için güncel ve son zamanlarda kullanımı yaygınlaşan sınıflama motor, duyu kayıpları ve bunlara bağlı özürlülük oranlarını içeren ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) sınıflamasıdır. Subaksiyal servikal travmalarda akut nörolojik kötüleşme acil cerrahi tedavi endikasyonudur. Anterior veya posterior tekniğin seçimi büyük oranda yaralanma mekanizması, etkilenen dokulara ve sonrasında oluşan nörolojik hasara bağlıdır. Hasta durumu ve instabilite tedavi kararını belirleyen en önemli iki faktördür. Anterior yaklaşım rutin kullanılabilen kolay uygulanan bir cerrahi teknik kabul edilse de ileri derecede stabilizasyon bozukluğu gösteren üç kolonuda tutan burst fraktürlerinde yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kliniğimizde uyguladığımız anterior plak vida tekniği ve posterior lateral mass vida uygulaması literatür gözden geçirilerek iki olgu eşliğinde tartışılmış, en iyi klinik sonuçların tek başına anterior cerrahi uygulanan vakalarda alındığı gözlense de instabil kompresyon ve patlama kırıklarında instabilitenin fazla olduğu durumlarda hastada nörolojik defisit ve üç kolon tutulumu olmasa dahi posterior füzyona ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlenmiştir.These days, as a consequence of the improvement in technology and increase in the use of motor vehicles, spine injuries have become common. Spine traumas, which often occur after motor vehicle accidents, are observed mostly in cervical regions, particularly in the subaxial cervical region, which is also known as the subcervical region, and neurological damage occurs in 70% of the patients. Despite still being controversial, the common ranging for neurological evaluation is the American Spinal Injury Association ranging, which includes the motor and sensory loss and accordingly, the impairment rate. In subaxial cervical traumas, acute neurological deterioration is an indication and therefore requires urgent surgical treatment. The choice of anterior or posterior approach substantially depends on the traumatization mechanism, affected tissues, and neurological deterioration occurring after. The state of patient and instability are the most two important factors affecting the treatment decision. Although the anterior approach is accepted as a routinely available and easily applicable surgical technique, it lacks in the burst fractures involving the three colons, which shows a stabilization disorder. The anterior plate screw technique and posterior lateral mass screw application applied in our clinic are reviewed in literature and are discussed in two cases. Although the best clinical results are achieved in cases where only anterior surgery is performed and in cases where instability is excessive, in unstable compression and blow-out fractures, even if neurological deficit and three colon involvement are not observed in the patient, the requirement of posterior fusion is observed

Design and Fabrication of Soft 3D Printed Sensors and Performance Analysis of the Soft Sensors in a C-leg as Sensing Element

In soft robotics, a recent challenge is to decrease the number of rigid components used tocreate entirely soft robots. A common rigid component used in soft robots is the rigid encoder, which should be replaced with a soft counterpart if possible. In this work, we de-sign and manufacture a soft sensor, which is embedded into a C-shaped leg of a soft, legged, miniature robot. Our main goal is to show that we can embed a soft sensor into and receive contact feedback from a soft C-shaped leg of our soft miniature quadruped. We test various sensor parameters using custom test setups to analyze the soft sensor performance. Our soft sensor design is iterated by experimentally investigating several sensor shape options. For the C-leg of the soft miniature quadruped, optimal sensor geometry and position for the sensor implementation are found from a discrete design space as the outcome of this work. We received feedback from the soft sensor and compared commercial encoder data to the soft sensor embedded C-leg data. We managed to detect the rotation speed of the C-leg with the accuracy of 87.5% on a treadmill and with the accuracy of %86.7 under free rotation of the C-leg. However, if connection loss occurs in the miniature slipring mechanism, the error percentage in estimating the rotational speed increases significantly

A combined diagnosis and treatment algorithm for spine infection management: A single-center experience

Background and objectiveSpinal infection (SI) is an infectious disease affecting the vertebral column, spinal cord, and adjacent structures. The infection can occur following interventions or spontaneously. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of employing a methodological approach for the accurate and rapid diagnosis of SI and to share information on the most effective treatment method, which involves using a diagnostic -treatment algorithm that can help with SI management.MethodologyThis study included 50 patients diagnosed with SI between 2016 and 2020. The treatment follow-up period was limited to six months, and the study was conducted as a retrospective cohort analysis. The sample consisted of 22 female patients and 28 male patients, and the mean age of the patients was 50.2 years. All patients received diagnosis and treatment according to the algorithm described in this article.ResultsIn the study group, 60% of patients had an infection in the lumbar spine, 4% in the thoracal spine, 12% in the cervical spine, and 8% in the sacral spine. Previously operated patients were diagnosed on the 30.16th day on average. A total of 19 patients (38%) had no history of undergoing surgery. Radiologically, the most common finding was spondylodiscitis/discitis (32%). Osteomyelitis was detected in one (2%) patient. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was the most commonly isolated organism in culture results and was detected in 13 patients (26%). The culture results of 12 patients (24%) were negative. The number of patients with active SI who were unstable and stabilized at the time of diagnosis was 11 (22%), and stabilization materials were removed in two patients (4%). In the 6th month of control, the patients did not have any complaints, signs of an infection, or unstable vertebral column.ConclusionsWe conclude that the combined algorithm we recommend for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with SI can prevent negative deviation and is an effective treatment for this condition

Lumbar dynamic stabilization with 2-stage surgery: early results

Background: Screw loosening, which is a major problem in dynamic systems, can be easily overcome with 2-stage surgery. In this article, the clinical and radiological results of patients undergoing dynamic stabilization with a Dynesys device in 2 stages are discussed. Methods: A total of 10 male and 13 female adult patients were included in this single-center retrospective study conducted between 2018 and 2021. The mean age of the patients was 65.6 years. All of the patients had pain complaints that affected their daily lives. Bone density T scores were determined with the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry method before patients were admitted for surgery. In the first surgery, Dynesys system pedicle screws were inserted. After 6 months of osteointegration, Dynesys system spacers and elastic bandages were placed. Preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were determined and statistically compared. Results: Patients were followed for an average of 30 months. Complications and recurrence were not observed. Neurological deficits were not observed after patients recovered from anesthesia. Significant improvement was observed in the ODI and VAS parameters in the preoperative (ODI: 66.2%, VAS: 7.8), early postoperative (ODI: 20.3%, VAS: 2.4), and late postoperative (ODI: 6.8% and VAS: 1.1) periods. Symptomatic improvement was seen in all patients. No screw breakage or loosening was detected by radiological evaluation in any of the patients during the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: In our experience, the insufficiency of the proximal and distal end screws is eliminated when 2 stages of dynamic system stabilizations are completed after osteointegration of the screws