Data analytics of natural gas injection enhanced oil recovery for unconventional reservoirs

Unconventional Enhanced Oil recovery, via the injection of natural gas has attracted great attention, as studies and projects have shown to be promising. An overview of pertinent studies has been carried out. Core Scale Laboratory Experiments, Core Scale Simulation, Field Scale simulation and pilot projects are analyzed. Data is collected for Core, Reservoir, Operational, and recovery information. Thereafter, Data analysis techniques are applied to identify data ranges, distributions, trends, relationships, and to eventually reach conclusions. Huff and Puff injection is the preferred mode of injection, delivering most promising results for unconventional reservoirs. Across all the studies, with increase in amount of injected Gas volume and number of cycles, the Recovery factor is seen to increase. After reaching a maximum value, the Recovery factor tends to stabilize and becomes unresponsive to any further increase. For core experiments, core size is seen to be inversely related to the recovery factor. For field scale simulation, injecting above the bubble point pressure results in greater recovery, owing to greater gas absorption, oil swelling and viscosity reduction. In all the studies the formations and cores which have been investigated are mainly Eagle ford, Wolf camp, Bakken and Niobrara shale. During field Projects, Huff and Puff injection has proven to be successful, with promising results with no injection issues reported --Abstract, page iii

Increased regeneration efficiency of _Brassica napus_ L. cultivars Star, Westar and Cyclone from hypocotyle and cotyledonary explants

The comparative organogenesis of _Brassica napus_ L cultivars Cyclone, Star and Westar was studied. The cotyledonary explants gave a higher response to all the combinations of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and BAP (0.5, 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg/L} used for optimizing the conditions for callus induction. The best mean weight and mean length of callus was obtained at 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5mg/L BAP for Star cotyledonary explants. For the complete plant regeneration the new method of exposing the explants culture to Growth regulator free medium was performed. The method was applicable to both hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants. The Shoot Induction Frequency for hypocotyl (6-34%) in the three cultivars is higher than the cotyledonary explants (3-23%). The method is speedy and almost all of the shoots and some unshooted calli (78%) form roots on the same media without prior transfer to rooting medium

Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causal relationships among agriculture and exports in Pakistan by using time series data for the period between 1971 and 2007. There are several efforts reflecting greater interest in exploring the possible relation between the international trade and economic growth. Increasing of Gross Domestic Product is the main target of almost every economy. Promoting exports of the country is one of the ways of achieving economic growth. Pakistan is among the developing countries, emphasizing to boost its exports since its inception. The major share of Pakistan’s export has strong backward linkages with the agricultural sector both in terms of primary and value added commodities. The findings have significant implications on Pakistan’s economic policy as both the variables have shown strong long-run relationship. There is also a bi-directional Granger-causality between the total exports and agricultural GDP. However, for short-run, both the variable does not cause each other in either direction.Causality, Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Agriculture, Exports, Pakistan

Protecting Real-Time GPU Kernels on Integrated CPU-GPU SoC Platforms

Integrated CPU-GPU architecture provides excellent acceleration capabilities for data parallel applications on embedded platforms while meeting the size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements. However, sharing of main memory between CPU applications and GPU kernels can severely affect the execution of GPU kernels and diminish the performance gain provided by GPU. For example, in the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 platform, an integrated CPU-GPU architecture, we observed that, in the worst case, the GPU kernels can suffer as much as 3X slowdown in the presence of co-running memory intensive CPU applications. In this paper, we propose a software mechanism, which we call BWLOCK++, to protect the performance of GPU kernels from co-scheduled memory intensive CPU applications

Protecting Real-Time GPU Kernels on Integrated CPU-GPU SoC Platforms (Artifact)

This artifact is based on BWLOCK++, a software framework to protect the performance of GPU kernels from co-scheduled memory intensive CPU applications in platforms containing integrated GPUs. The artifact is designed to support the claims of the companion paper and contains instructions on how to build and execute BWLOCK++ on a target hardware platform

On distribution relations of polylogarithmic Eisenstein classes

We show that for Siegel modular varieties of arbitrary genus, the natural distribution relations satisfied by certain integral Eisenstein cohomology classes defined by Kings admit an adelic refinement. This generalizes the classical relations for Siegel units on modular curves.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Norm relations for CM points on modular curves

In this expository note, we prove the horizontal norm relations for the anticyclotomic Euler system of CM points on modular curves with a view towards higher dimensional generalizations.Comment: Expository, 12 page