1,285 research outputs found

    A Contribution to the Previous Study for Genus Agaricus in and around Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

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    Agaricus is among the most valuable and familiar genera belonging to Basidiomycota. These are known to have a partial veil on their stipe, which helps to protect the gills when they are immature. Escalating human activity and distribution pattern of the species has introduced some new one in the territory while pushing the previously reported one to extinction. Ayubia Nationa Park always remains a suitable place for mushroom hunters and number of species of plants and fungi has already been reported. The present survey was aimed at improving the previous collection and also to check the certain characters of the genus Agaricus. Keywords: Genus Agaricus, Ayubia National Par

    Codeswitching of bilingual preschoolers in Pakistan: A study of Arabic and Urdu alphabets

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    Urdu is the official language of Pakistan, while Arabic is the language of the Holy Quran, Muslims' sacred book. Pakistan, as a Muslim country with a religious bond, makes it obligatory for Muslims to recognize and interpret Allah's commandments, as well as to pray and recite the Holy Quran. The most effective skill is oral communication. It has become one of the fundamental language learning skills, alongside listening, reading, and writing. Pronunciation is the process of processing speech sounds to communicate. The current research study focuses on the codeswitching of bilingual preschoolers while learning the Arabic and Urdu alphabets. The study demonstrates why preschool children fail to recognize images of simple words in Arabic and Urdu at the same time and how this challenge can be tackled with the ingenuity of a committed teacher. The researcher used the Oral Proficiency Test (OPT) to assess the quality of the children's pronunciation, and he processed the data using Setiyadi’s (2020) Triangulation of method, which includes three data collection techniques: observation, interview, and questionnaire. The observation focused on how the teacher pronounced both alphabets and how the children responded by pronouncing the same at the top of their voices to make good use of articulators. Later, an interview and a questionnaire were conducted to collect data that could be used to ensure the validity of the observational results. Creswell & Baez’s (2020) Model of the Structure of Study was implemented. The research on bilingual preschoolers is significant in that it reveals that the children had difficulty in discerning resembling sounds from the Arabic and Urdu alphabets and that this difficulty caused them to deviate from one alphabet to the other. Speech therapists, pathologists, psychologists, bilingual scholars, and researchers will all benefit from the research

    Maulana Tariq Jameel’s supplication for safety against COVID-19: A Pragmatic analysis

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    Supplication, the symbol of man's humility, is at the core of all religions, with Allah regarded as the Supreme Being who listens to people's prayers and rewards them accordingly, regardless of religion. The purpose of this qualitative research is to look into the unique service provided by Maulana Tariq Jameel to God for protection from COVID-19, which is currently wreaking havoc on people's lives. On April 21, 2020, the program was broadcast live on the ARY News Channel's Shab-e- Meeraj programme, hosted by Waseem Badami, and was available to watch online. Devout Muslims from all over the world gathered for a specially organised 'Dua' to demonstrate their heartfelt humility and unwavering faith in Allah, who they believe will alleviate their deathly affliction as a result of their prayers. The video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSRuAo14NEI provided the data. The data was assessed using Aristotle's three modes of persuasion. The researchers paid close attention to the supplication during the study and coded the most relevant phrases before translating them from Urdu to English and analysed them from a pragmatic standpoint. The discussion section included references to prayers from a variety of religious traditions from various countries to integrate the study's findings. The study's findings show that when individuals, societies, or nations of any faith face a major calamity, they are more likely to be prone to Allah for protection than to other sources of protectionKeywords: Du’a, Persuasion, Religion, Staunch Faith, The sovereignty of Alla

    An Overview of Construction Waste Management

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    The need of construction projects is increasing day by day in developing countries to improve and build new infrastructures. Due to massive procurement of materials on these projects, significant amount of waste is generated. This waste has substantial impacts not only on project cost but also on the environment.  So waste measurement and its source of generation would be the first initiative to control these wastes. In this regard, around sixty (60) papers were reviewed to determine the most wasteful materials based on past papers literature. Further, to determine the barriers in waste management, frequency analysis was performed. Based on these analysis it was found that design changes, procurement problems, theft and vandalism, etc. are major sources of waste generation. Further, out of twenty five (25) materials, most wasteful were wood, steel, bricks, concrete, tiles, sand, cement and ceiling boards. Moreover, major barriers in waste management are inappropriate regulations, financial issues, lack of standards and lack of awareness programs. So to promote suitable construction, waste management practices must be followed, in this regard more studies are required to focus in developing a comprehensive waste management framework

    Prediction of Rutting in Flexible Pavements using Finite Element Method

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    In this research study three dimensional (3D) finite element analysis are performed on a flexible pavement section for different material properties, temperature and loading conditions. The main objective of this study is to predict the rut depth under different conditions of temperature, loadings and material properties. Three dimensional finite element model of flexible pavement is developed using ABAQUS to predict rut depth. The pavement system is assumed to be an elastic multi-layers system with each layer being isotropic, homogeneous with specified Resilient Modulus (Mr) and Poisson ratio (µ). With the exception of the bottom subgrade layer, each layer is extending to an unlimited horizontal extent and has a finite thickness. The pavement system analyze in this study for a cyclic load of 10000 cycles taken as 0.01sec per cycle. Standard Axle Load (ESAL) of 18 kips (80 kN) loading on an axle with a dual set of tires, the wheel spacing is 13.78 in (350 mm) with a tire contact pressure of 100 psi (0.69 MPa) is used. After performing a series of analysis the results showed that rut depth increases with increase in temperature and loading and decreases by using base stabilizer. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091727 Full Text: PD

    Effect of Condensate Flow Rate on Retention Angle on Horizontal Low-Finned Tubes

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    This article is in an Open Access journalThe paper reports experimental results using simulated condensation on eight horizontal integral finned tubes with different fin spacing but same root diameter. Condensation was simulated with low approaching zero vapor velocity of condensate using three liquids (water, ethylene glycol and R141b) supplied to the tube via small holes between the fins along the top of the tubes. Controlling parameters of the investigation were fin spacing of condensation tubes, flow rate of condensate and surface tension to density ratio of the condensate. The results indicate that the retention angle (measured from the top of the tube to the position where the inter-fin space is completely filled with liquid) increases with the increase in fin spacing. Also, retention angle increases as the density of the condensate increases but retention angle decreases with increase in surface tension. Interesting finding is seen as retention angle remains constant with increase in condensate flow rate, starting from very low (nearly zero) flow rate to the flow rate at which the tube gets fully flooded. The critical flow rate for eight tubes of defined fin density against three working fluids is measured. Results obtained from simulated condensation for almost zero condensate velocity are in good agreement with earlier data and theoretical model for retention angle on such tubes

    Implications of Political Stability and Financial innovations for Sectoral Economic Growth of Pakistan

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    The economic status of a country plays an important role in the lives of the citizens of both developed and developing countries. With the rapid increase in population, every country is trying to find new ways to boost its growth rate so that it may elicit the maximum number of people from poverty and can compare other countries in the form of improvement. The main objective of the study is to empirically investigate the impact of political stability and financial innovations on economic growth. Furthermore, the study also analyzes the impact of subsectors (Agricultural, Industry, and Services) of the economy on growth. A time-series co-integration autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to investigate the general to specific sector's growth. The key empirical finding shows that political stability and financial development has a positive and significant impact on economic growth as well as its sub-sectors in the long-run. Trade liberalization has a positive impact on economic growth but most surprising results have been witnessed in agriculture growth for Pakistan

    A Moderated Mediation Model of Empowering Leadership and Employees’ Innovative Work Behavior

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    This study examined the moderated mediation model of empowering leadership and employees’ innovative work behavior (IWB) by analyzing the mediating role of employees’ psychological empowerment and high-performance work system (HPWS). Using the convenience sampling technique, time-lagged data was collected from 433 software engineers working in different software companies operating in Pakistan. Hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro were used to perform the analysis. The findings revealed that empowering leadership impacts employees’ IWB directly as well as through their psychological empowerment, while HPWS moderates the relationship between empowering leadership and employees’ psychological empowerment. The findings further articulated that the moderated mediation effects of HPWS also arbitrate between empowering leadership and employees’ IWB. The results of this study implied that when employees work in the context of a high HPWS, they reciprocate positively to the support and resources received from their leaders. Similarly, in the context of a high HPWS, empowering leadership greatly enhances employees’ psychological empowerment and creativity. In the context of a low HPWS, employees’ IWB depends upon their leaders’ behavior and also on their own psychological empowerment. Hence, the study analyzed when (contextual boundary conditions) and how (the underlying mechanism) empowering leadership enhances employees’ IWB by utilizing the moderated mediation model

    Epidural Hematoma in Different Ages Due to Road Traffic Accidents on Computed Tomography Scan Brain

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    OBJECTIVES: In developing countries, road traffic accidents are common and primarily affect middle-aged men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of epidural hematoma in people of various ages owing to road traffic incidents on computed tomography scan brain. METHODOLOGY: From February 2018 to January 2021, a cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the Department of Neurosurgery. A total of 460 individuals were chosen from emergency room visits due to traffic accidents. Individuals who had suffered a head injury and had an epidural hematoma on a computed tomography scan were included in the study. The frequency of epidural hematoma in different ages was determined. RESULTS: A total of 460 patients were enrolled in the trial, with 196 (42.60%) having epidural hematomas and 264 having no epidural hematomas (57.39%). Males accounted for 152 (77.55%) of the 196 epidural hematoma cases, while females accounted for 44 (22.45%), with an average age of 19 years and a range of 2-55±9.59 years. All the people who had a head injury were divided into three groups. The prevalence of epidural hematoma varied by age, with 75.51% (15-44 years), 20.40% (14 years), and 4.08% (>45 years) being the most common. CONCLUSION: It was concluded from this study that epidural hematoma determined by computed tomography scan brain is more frequent in middle age
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