Investigating The Influence of Teacher Aggression on Student Academic Motivation in Province of Sindh, Pakistan

The present study aimed to explore the impact of teacher aggressive behaviors on student academic motivation in Sindh, one of the provinces in Pakistan. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing a sample of 120 public school teachers (70 female and 50 male). Data was collected using a researcher-developed instrument called the "Teachers Aggressive Behavior Survey" (TABS). The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, and the hypothesis was tested using t-test statistics at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that teachers exhibit various forms of aggressive behaviors that negatively impact student participation in academic activities. It is recommended that school administrators take steps to raise awareness among teachers about the detrimental effects of aggressive behaviors on student academic motivation

Frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with parkinson\u27s disease

Introduction More than its motor symptoms, cognitive impairment is being increasingly identified as a cause of worse functional outcome, morbidity and mortality, and caregiver dependence in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of cognitive decline and evaluate the factors associated with it. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 124 PD patients fulfilling the United Kingdom Parkinson\u27s Disease Society Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria were included. Motor and non-motor symptoms were recorded. Disease duration, age at the time of onset, and severity of disease on Hoehn and Yahr Scale (HY scale) were recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSSs v. 22.0. Results The ratio of men to women was 7.2:1. The mean age of the participants was 64 ± 10 years (range: 38-82 years). Rigidity (n = 121; 97.5%), bradykinesia (n = 119; 95.9%), and tremor (n = 11; 90.3%) were the three most common symptoms. Cognitive impairment was present in 45 (36.3%) patients. Cognitive decline was more frequent in patients of age less than 50 years at the time of disease onset (p \u3c 0.00001) and in those with disease duration more than 10 years (p = 0.00001). Patients with longer disease duration had more severe disease (stage III or above on HY scale; p = 0.008). Conclusion Motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor remain the most frequent clinical presentation among Pakistani Parkinson\u27s patients. One-third of these patients have cognitive dysfunction. Early age at the time of disease onset and longer duration of disease were associated with cognitive impairmen

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of complementary and alternative medication usage in patients of type II diabetes mellitus

Introduction Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming popular among individuals affected by chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. We aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of complementary and alternative medicine use among type 2 diabetes patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the institute of diabetology in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from 1st March 2018 till 31st August 2018. All patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the clinic for routine follow-up visits during the study period were interviewed. Their demographic characteristics, clinical data, and knowledge, attitude, practices towards use of CAM products were assessed. Data was managed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Results CAM therapies were being used by 151 (57.8%) individuals. Herbs (n = 121; 80.1%), specific diets (n = 98; 64.9%), and cupping (n = 68; 45.0%) were the most readily utilized CAM practices. CAM practices were associated with diabetes-related complications [p \u3c 0.000; Odds Ratio (OR) 2.57; Confidence Interval (CI) 1.53, 4.34], poor glycemic control (p \u3c 0.000; OR 0.29; CI 0.17, 0.5), lack of trust in pharmaceutical products (p \u3c 0.000; OR 5.08; CI 2.28, 11.32), poor patient-doctor relationship (p = 0.06; OR 1.47; CI 0.26, 8.17), CAM products being readily available and cheaper (p \u3c 0.000; OR 6.1; CI 3.02, 12.32), and belief that CAM products have fewer side effects (p \u3c 0.000; OR 12.32; CI 6.83, 22.22) and can help in diabetes control (p \u3c 0.000; OR 35.76; CI 16.79, 76.15). Conclusion Use of complementary medicine products among Pakistani diabetic population is high. Herbs and specific diets were common modes of CAM practices. Use of CAM showed significant association with female gender, older age, unemployment, longer duration of diabetes, diabetes-related complications, and poor glycemic control

Rheumatoid Arthritis and some Demographical and Clinical Parameters

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a heterogeneous, symmetrical chronic autoimmune inflammation of body joints, it infects the population with a ratio reaching 1% of the population's world, and it can lead to bone erosion and deformities, and finally damage. Smoking is one of the important factors that increase the risk of RA infections by aiding in citrullinated protein production, CRP increases in RA patients and binds with the severity of the disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the CRP and smoking effects on RA patients. 150 blood samples were taken; 100 for RA patients and 50 for healthy control, the patients were taken from the Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Rheumatologically Consulting Clinic in the period from November 2021 to February 2022. The ages of patients range from 22 to 72 years old, and 26 to 62 years old was the age range of the healthy controls. 2ml of venous blood was taken in a gel tube for the CRP test by agglutination method. The result of the current study shows a highly significant differences between the RA patients and control groups in family history and CRP. While, it shows a non-significant difference for smoking. The conclusion of the current study was that CRP and family history associate with rheumatoid arthritis, and the smoking is not associate with RA disease

Risk factors associated with surgical site infections: A retrospective report from a developing country

Introduction Any infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision superficially or deep within the fascia, within 30 days of a surgical procedure is termed as a surgical site infection (SSI). Due to limited resources, non-adherence to infection control guidelines and substandard sterilization practices, the incidence is higher in developing countries. The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of surgical site infections in general surgeries at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan and identify the predisposing risk factors. Methods This was a retrospective analysis that included all surgical records from June 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. After exclusion, 882 records were included. The incidence of SSI and predisposing risk factors were noted. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, US). Results The incidence of SSI was 8.84% (n=78). SSIs were more common in older participants (11.4% vs. 6.4%; p=0.009), in patients with more than 24 hour of preoperative hospital stay (11.2% vs. 64%; p=0.013), in procedures of longer duration (1.53 ± 0.35 vs 2.57 ± 0.17; p\u3c0.0001), and in emergency surgeries (19.2% vs. 7.5%; p=0.0001). The combined incidence of SSIs in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) index III and above was 37 (47.4%) and that in I and II was 41 (52.6%) (p\u3c0.00001). Conclusion This study has revealed a very high incidence of surgical site infections. These infections are more common in elderly patients, patients undergoing emergency surgeries, those with longer preoperative hospital stay and longer surgical duration, and patients with a high ASA index

Cultivating a greener future:Exploiting trichoderma derived secondary metabolites for fusarium wilt management in peas

This study aimed to identify efficient Trichoderma isolate(s) for the management of Fusarium wilt in peas. Four different pea germplasms (Sarsabz, Pea-09, Meteor and Supreme) were evaluated for resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay. Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%), whereas susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44–79%) and percent disease index (47–82%). The susceptible germplasm Meteor was selected for in vivo experiment. Five different Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma koningii, T. hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, and T. harzianum) were screened for the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes under in vitro. In-vitro biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. was assayed by percentage inhibition of dry mass of Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP) with Trichoderma spp. metabolite filtrate concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50–89%). T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass and were thus used for in vivo management of the disease. The pot experiment for in-vivo management also confirmed the maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers. Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%, and the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments. These strains demonstrate excellent bio-control of Fusarium wilt in pea via induction of defense-related enzymes. The present work will help use Trichoderma species in disease management programme as an effective biocontrol agent against plant pathogens

Microbial Ecology of Anaerobic Digesters: The Key Players of Anaerobiosis

Anaerobic digestion is the method of wastes treatment aimed at a reduction of their hazardous effects on the biosphere. The mutualistic behavior of various anaerobic microorganisms results in the decomposition of complex organic substances into simple, chemically stabilized compounds, mainly methane and CO2. The conversions of complex organic compounds to CH4 and CO2 are possible due to the cooperation of four different groups of microorganisms, that is, fermentative, syntrophic, acetogenic, and methanogenic bacteria. Microbes adopt various pathways to evade from the unfavorable conditions in the anaerobic digester like competition between sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane forming bacteria for the same substrate. Methanosarcina are able to use both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways for methane production. This review highlights the cellulosic microorganisms, structure of cellulose, inoculum to substrate ratio, and source of inoculum and its effect on methanogenesis. The molecular techniques such as DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) utilized for dynamic changes in microbial communities and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) that deal with taxonomy and interaction and distribution of tropic groups used are also discussed

An Overview Recognizing Nephrotic Syndrome, Role Of General Physicians, Nursing And Clinical Laboratory

Nephrotic syndrome is a frequently diagnosed kidney illness in childhood, and its advancing stages can result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There is a lack of longitudinal research conducted on a multi-ethnic group to identify potential risk factors that may affect the susceptibility, responsiveness to treatment, and progression of nephrotic syndrome. Temporal correlations cannot be examined using a cross-sectional study design. The clinical nursing pathway encompasses the stages of developing and applying. In a prior study, a specialized nursing team developed a nursing pathway that involved the senior level of care, the visiting physician, the clinical laboratory, and nurses.The main sources of reference were local and foreign studies, as well as the specific characteristics of the patients in the selected group. The implementation of the nursing model must be carried out strictly in accordance with the formulated plan. Subsequently, it is necessary to specify the completed section, while the incomplete section forms the main substance of the following nursing phase. The clinical nursing pathway seeks to improve patient care by promoting collaboration among different healthcare professionals and guiding them in using treatment techniques that are supported by scientific evidence

Microsatellite isolation and marker development in carrot - genomic distribution, linkage mapping, genetic diversity analysis and marker transferability across Apiaceae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Apiaceae family includes several vegetable and spice crop species among which carrot is the most economically important member, with ~21 million tons produced yearly worldwide. Despite its importance, molecular resources in this species are relatively underdeveloped. The availability of informative, polymorphic, and robust PCR-based markers, such as microsatellites (or SSRs), will facilitate genetics and breeding of carrot and other Apiaceae, including integration of linkage maps, tagging of phenotypic traits and assisting positional gene cloning. Thus, with the purpose of isolating carrot microsatellites, two different strategies were used; a hybridization-based library enrichment for SSRs, and bioinformatic mining of SSRs in BAC-end sequence and EST sequence databases. This work reports on the development of 300 carrot SSR markers and their characterization at various levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Evaluation of microsatellites isolated from both DNA sources in subsets of 7 carrot F₂mapping populations revealed that SSRs from the hybridization-based method were longer, had more repeat units and were more polymorphic than SSRs isolated by sequence search. Overall, 196 SSRs (65.1%) were polymorphic in at least one mapping population, and the percentage of polymophic SSRs across F₂populations ranged from 17.8 to 24.7. Polymorphic markers in one family were evaluated in the entire F₂, allowing the genetic mapping of 55 SSRs (38 codominant) onto the carrot reference map. The SSR loci were distributed throughout all 9 carrot linkage groups (LGs), with 2 to 9 SSRs/LG. In addition, SSR evaluations in carrot-related taxa indicated that a significant fraction of the carrot SSRs transfer successfully across Apiaceae, with heterologous amplification success rate decreasing with the target-species evolutionary distance from carrot. SSR diversity evaluated in a collection of 65 <it>D. carota </it>accessions revealed a high level of polymorphism for these selected loci, with an average of 19 alleles/locus and 0.84 expected heterozygosity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The addition of 55 SSRs to the carrot map, together with marker characterizations in six other mapping populations, will facilitate future comparative mapping studies and integration of carrot maps. The markers developed herein will be a valuable resource for assisting breeding, genetic, diversity, and genomic studies of carrot and other Apiaceae.</p