FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RESOURCES OF IRAN AGRICULTURE

Free trading is considered as index of global economy and factor economic growth in many countries. In this study along with recognition of growth resources, those factors such as surplus value, Labour, capital, energy, government planning and expenditure which playing the main role in economic growth has been identified and analyzed. Also, international trade index impact along with other effective factors on surplus value are considered and estimated. The results show that Labour and energy are the most effective inputs on surplus value respectively. Then supposing that the sector experienced a productive agronomic year and supporting that Iran country was committed to a free trading framework, the relationships between various related variables were analyzed through the econometric & quantitative method to recommend an acceptable situation for joining free trade in global economy process. With respect to significant of international trade coefficient, the result indicates that in study period (1971-2000) the free trading trend had positive impact on surplus value and growth of agricultural sector and moving toward global economy will surplus its sum. But, prevailing difficulties in the agriculture sector's structure and organization may retarded the economic growth, although investment on training programs can improves the growth of agricultural sector and government investment in various part of the this section would be of huge significance. In this research related data are analyzed and after obtaining the results based on discussion some recommendations are presented.Free trading, agriculture, investment, Labour, energy., International Development, International Relations/Trade,

Degradation and biological assessment of aqueous micropollutant mixtures

Presence of micropollutants in water is a global concern because of their ability to potentially cause adverse effects in organisms at concentrations as low as a few ng/L, particularly when present as a component of complex mixture. Most of the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP) are not removed well in traditional wastewater treatment processes and enter the environment and spread throughout the water ecosystem. Depending on the properties of the micropollutants and the biology of the receiving species, they may bioaccumulate, metabolize or cause adverse effects. These effects may translate into alterations on a higher biological level such as disruption of the hormone system, followed by impacts on reproduction, etc. Eventually, effects may translate into other compartments of the ecosystem. Advance oxidation treatment is a powerful technology for the treatment of water and wastewater contaminants. They are characterized by the production of highly reactive and non-selective hydroxyl radicals, and by mineralization of refractory pollutants. However, complete mineralization of organic contaminants is expensive, while partial mineralization may not produce desirable water quality both for ecosystem as well as for potable purposes. All these technologies require an efficient and powerful set of tools and assays in order to quantify the biological compatibility of treated water contaminated with micropollutants. Therefore, bioassays which are powerful tools can be used to screen the estrogencity and the toxicity of a complex chemical mixture.In this work, a full factorial design was applied to investigate the antagonistic-synergistic interactions of different concentrations and mixtures of the model compounds; 17-β estradiol, sulfamethoxazole and bisphenol A and humic Acid. The estrogenic activity was determined by using the yeast estrogencity screen (YES) assay, and the genotoxicity of the compounds and their intermediates was monitored by using the Ames test, before and after ozonation, UV/ O3and UV/ H2O2 which are very effective oxidative treatments for the degradation of various organic micropollutants in water. SMX showed ~ 100% removal in all the AOPs, the slowest removal occurred for only ozonation whereas the combination of UV with ozone and hydrogen peroxide produced much faster degradation rate. While E2 showed much higher degradation in ozonation and combination of UV increased the rate only by 18%. BPA also showed good removal with ozonation, and the rate was increased by only 5% by the addition of UV with ozone. On the contrary, by the addition of H2O2, rate was reduced by 86% from that of UV/ozonation. Humic acid demonstrated the lowest degradation rate of all the compounds tested. The effect of the presence of humic acid on the degradation rate constant of pure compounds and mixtures varied depending on the micropollutants type and the mixture. TOC removal was reduced when HA was added to all solutions. Humic acid and sulfamethoxazole had a synergistic interaction with 17-β estradiol that led to increase the estrogencity of water by 4.4, 2.7 and 4.7 times for HA- E2, SMX- E2 and SMX- HA- E2 mixtures, respectively both before and during oxidation. No mutagenicity was shown by using the Ames test for all mixtures. The work demonstrated that bioassays such as estrogencity and mutagenicity and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction can be used to determine the optimum AOP treatment without conducting detailed chemical analyses

Relationships between secchi disk visibility, water temperature and dissolved oxygen in freshwater fishpond

A study was conducted to determine the relationships between secchi disk variability, water temperature and dissolved oxygen in fish ponds. Multiple regression correlation analysis was done to evaluate the relationships between the variables. Results indicated that the ranges of secchi disk visibility, water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the study ponds were just within the ranges of the variables for tilapia culture. Multiple regression correlation showed no (or insignificant) relationships with dissolved oxygen and water temperature, dissolved oxygen with secchi disk visibility and water temperature with secchi disk visibility

Parameter extraction and estimation based on the PV panel outdoor performance using iterative method

This work presents a novel approach to predict the voltage-current (V-I) characteristics of a PV panel under varying weather conditions to estimate the PV parameters. Outdoor performance of the PV module (AP-PM-15) was carried out for several times. The experimental data obtained are validated and compared with the estimated results obtained through simulation based on the manufacture’s data sheet. The simulation is based on the Newton-Raphson iterative method in MATLAB environment. This approach aids the computation of the PV module’s parameters at any varying weather condition. The computed significant error indicates that the result has a good agreement with the experimental data.Keywords: Newton-Raphson, Parameter extraction, Simulation, Photovoltaic, Relative erro

Comparative Study of Conventional and Water Circulating-Heat Sink Cooling Base Thermoelectric Generator System for Optimum Solar Thermal Waste Heat Recovery

A novel technique for waste heat recovery in solar thermal power generation is investigated through experimentation and  systematically presented. Power generation using Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is a promising technique in waste heat recovery application. In this topology, TEG array is directly attached to the back of the solar Photovoltaic panel (model AP-AM15) to receive the transmitted heat at the back of the PV panel as waste heat. More so, a circulating water-heat sink is attached to the TEG cold side to improve the temperature gradient. Base on Seebeck effect, the TEG directly converts the temperature difference into electricity. The experimental result shows that efficiency between the range of 2.1% and 4.7% for the conventional cooling system while the output power approximately ranges between 0.05W and 0.47W, the circulating water-heat sink technique has efficiency ranging between 2.9% and 10.3% with output power between the range of 0.10W and 2.2W. The daily average increase in efficiency was found to be 263.76%. This shows that the daily average power is improved by a factor of 2.6376 with the water circulating water-heat sink technique. This is an indication of waste heat recovery from the solar thermal power generation

Design and simulation of cross-block structured radar absorbing metamaterial based on carbonyl iron powder composite

This paper reports the design and simulation of a three layered cross-block structured radar absorbing metamaterial (RAMM). The effective electromagnetic parameters of the designed structure are highly dependent on its geometric dimensions, subsequently behaving as a metamaterial. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software was used to analyze the frequency dependent absorption response of the designed RAMM. The input impedance of multilayered absorber and strong fluctuation theory equations are used to theoretically verify the absorption response of the RAMM. The simulated result showed that the reflectivity of the RAMM is below -10dB from 4.2 – 18.0 GHz frequency band with absorber thickness of 4.2mm. The calculated reflectivity result is in close agreement with the simulated result, thus confirming the validity of the design. The operational bandwidth to thickness ratio of this RAMM was found to be 13.029 making it better than the recently reported one with a value of 9.745 and thus contributing significantly in overcoming the contradicting demand of broadband and thin thickness.Keywords: Bandwidth, COMSOL Multiphysics, Metamaterial, Radar Absorbing Metamaterial, Reflectivit

Quality of raw milk available at different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh

The experiment was performed to evaluate the quality of raw milk available at different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. For this purpose the raw milk samples were collected from different markets of Mymensingh (T1), Jamalpur (T2), Netrokona (T3) and Serpur (T4) districts and immediately transferred to the Dairy Technology and Microbiology Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for analysis. Parameters studied to monitor the quality of milk samples were physical (colour, flavour, taste, texture and specific gravity), chemical (acidity, fat, ash, protein, lactose, TS and SNF) and microbiological (total viable count and coliform count). Organoleptic test revealed that the raw milk samples of Mymensingh (T1) district were yellowish white 66.66%, Whitish 33.33%; Jamalpur (T2) were yellowish white 66.66%, light yellowish white 33.33%; Netrokona (T3) were yellowish white 100% and Serpur (T4) were yellowish white 33.33%, light yellowish white 33.33% and Whitish 33.33%. Samples of T₁, T2 and T3 had normal flavor (pleasant aromatic flavour) but only T4 had 33.33% abnormal flavour. All the raw milk samples were slightly sweet in taste. Milk samples collected from Netrokona (T3) showed normal texture (free flowing liquid) but Mymensingh (T₁), Jamalpur (T₂) and Serpur (T4) had free flowing liquid 66.66% and thin texture 33.33%.The specific gravity of all raw milk samples were more or less same (1.026±0.00). There were significant (P< 0.01) differences in chemical parameters (fat and protein) between the raw milk samples.Highest fat (34.30 ±1.00 g/kg) was found in Mymensingh (T₁) and highest protein (31.90±0.20 g/kg) was found in Serpur (T4). The overall percentage of acidity was 0.16 ±0.01. The average total viable count (cfu/ml) and coliform count (cfu/ml) were 19.26x10³ and 559.164, respectively and it was observed that total viable count (cfu/ml) and coliform count (cfu/ml) of milk samples were high.Itis concluded thatthe raw milk quality of different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh was more or less similar butdid not fulfill the legal standard of milk composition. Poor hygienic milking, improper cleaning of dairy utensils, unhygienic handling during marketing of raw milk and use of adulterated with addition of water mayresponsible for unhealthy and inferiority of the milk

Molecular characterization of local isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from broiler chickens in Iraq

The present study was conducted to characterize a new field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of VP2 gene. The virus could be detected in five of seven field samples from broiler chickens in Iraq. Nucleotide sequences of field isolates were compared with 33 reported IBDV strains from different parts of the world. Nucleotide substitutions at I242, Q249, Q252, I256, D279, A284, I294, S326 and S330 specific for very virulent (vv) strains, were maintained in all the field isolates. Deduced amino acid substitutions A222, I242, Q249, Q252, I256, D279, A284, I294, S326 and S330 specific for vvIBDV strains were also present in all the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the field isolates in the present study were closely related to reported UK (XZh) and Japan (OKYM) field isolates. Further comprehensive investigations will provide more information on the distribution, variability, phylogenetic relationships of different vvIBDV isolate in Iraq and other parts of the worlds

A generic model for camera based intelligent road crowd control

Traffic flow control is often a big problem in many big cities in the world, especially during the peak and off-peak hours. Researchers are trying to find the optimal solution to solve this daily problem. Often, the problem is caused by the poor traffic signal light control system. Improper placement of the signal light and timing is the main issue. The problem can be solved by proper time management for the traffic signal through the congested and often over crowded areas. This research proposes a model for intelligent traffic flow control by implementing camera based surveillance and feedback system. A series of cameras are set minimum three signals ahead from the target junction. The complete software system is developed to help integrating the multiple camera on road as feedback to the signal light control systems.Keywords: surveillance; traffic flow; network; vehicles

Effect of stocking density on growth and yield of GIFT tilapia under rice-fish production system

The study was conducted at the Central Experimental Station, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines during the wet season to determine the suitable stocking density(s) for better growth and yield of fish under rice-fish production systems. Recovery rate of GIFT tilapia in different stocking densities ranged from 75.74 to 83.47%. Among different treatments, rice +5,000 fingerlings/ha and rice +10,000 fingerlings/ha resulted in the highest recovery rate of 83.33% and 83.47%, respectively. The lowest recovery rate of 75.75% was obtained from rice +20,000 fingerlings/ha, but similar to that was obtained (78.56%) from rice +15,000 fingerlings/ha. Significantly higher rate of gain in body weight and that of specific growth rate were recorded in the treatment from rice +5,000 fingerlings/ha, while other treatments resulted in similar absolute and specific growth rate. Fish yield increased significantly with relatively higher stocking densities, but higher densities produced maximum number of smaller fishes and also lower recovery rate