Barriers to apply pain assessment tools in children by nurses

 BackgroundPain control is intended to prevent pain and suffering of women and to increase the quality of life. Successful pain control is achieved by accurate pain assessment and for doing this, proper and valid tools should be applied.  PurposeThis descriptive cross sectional study was performed to identify the problems of nurses in applying pain assessment tools in children.  Methods30 nurses in emergency ward of clinics of Oil Company voluntarily took part in the study. A questionnaire in 3 parts including demographics, barriers of nurses to apply the tools and information regarding pain assessment was used for data collection. Content method was used for validity of the tool. Its reliability for the second and third part was measured by test-retest and internal consistency methods respectively. Results72.3% and 26.7% of nurses were male and female respectively. 73.3% had baccalaureate and 26.7% had associate degrees. Their mean age was 37±5. 60%, 20% and 20% of the nurses had moderate, weak and good knowledge regarding pain assessment respectively. The most common barriers were environmental [facilities and manpower (lack of a pain assessment tool and inadequate personnel to assess pain)], administrative (lack of regulations to assess pain and lack of inclusion of it in annual personnel evaluations), educational (inadequate programs in this regard) and personal or motivational (work overload of nurses) according to the subjects.  Conclusion  Results showed that nurses face with many difficulties in assessing pain from different aspects. The analysis and suggestions indicate that the most significant solution for this problem is to establish pain control nursing committee at the setting. Keywords: Nursing, Pediatric, scale, Pain assesment, Commission.    

An investigation into the effect of multimedia training on the knowledge and self-efficacy of children with asthma

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children is a global health issue and its rising trend has caused concern about the health system. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of multimedia education on the knowledge and self-efficacy of children with asthma in Bushehr. Method: semi-experimental study. The research community included all children under the age of 12 years with asthma. The samples were selected by available method of 50 people and then divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random method. The data collection tools included questionnaires of demographic data, knowledge and self-efficacy in children with asthma. Validity and reliability of the instruments were measured and then multimedia training was run for the experimental group. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 18 and Mann–Whitney U test. Findings: the mean scores of knowledge and self-efficacy of the research samples in the experimental group increased after multimedia training, so there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: Education of children with asthma through multimedia has led to increasing knowledge and self-efficacy. Therefore, considering the effectiveness of multimedia education in children training with asthma, it is recommended that this educational method are used for other chronic childhood diseases

The Relationship between Obesity and Quality Of Life in School Children

&quot;nBackground: To determine relationships between healths related quality of life and body mass index in children aged 9-11 years old.&quot;nMethods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 240 children 9-11 year olds who were selected via multi stage cluster sampling design from primary schools in the Shahre Qods of the Tehran, Iran in 2007. Pediatric Quality of Life inventory was completed by child self report with measured height and weight used to determine body mass index percentile/weight classification. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) &amp;ge;95th percentile for age and gender and one way analyses of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analyses.&quot;nResults: Physical, social and school functioning was significantly lowered for obese when compared to normal weight children (P&amp;lt;.05). The impairment in QOL in the community-based sample of elementary school children was less marked than clinical sample of obese. Obese children maintain emotional health.&quot;nConclusion: These results highlight the importance in considering dimensions of quality of life at further understanding obesity in children

Challenges and Practical Solutions for Pain Management Nursing in ‎Pediatric Wards ‎

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pain management is one of the most important indicators for nursing care quality. Pain management is still ineffective and inadequate in pediatric wards. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate pain management nursing in pediatric wards and suggest practical solutions with regard to pediatric pain control. METHODS: In this review article, Iranian (i.e., MagIran, Iran Medex, Irandoc, and SID) and international (i.e., Medline, Google Scholar, Google, and Science Direct) databases were searched, using the following keywords and their Farsi equivalents: &ldquo;pain management&rdquo;, &ldquo;pediatric&rdquo;, &ldquo;nurse&rdquo;, &ldquo;barriers&rdquo;, and &ldquo;hospital&rdquo;. Among 4064 studies, 51 relevant articles, published during 1994-2015, were retrieved and reviewed in this study. FINDINGS: In total, eight challenging areas were recognized in pediatric pain management, which are as follows: limited theoretical knowledge and insufficient skills of nursing staff, nurses&rsquo; personal beliefs, organizational barriers, characteristics of parents and children, lack of professional interaction, ambiguous role of nurses in pain management, lack of parental involvement or children&rsquo;s participation in pain management, and scarcity of local models for pain management.&nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: By identifying nursing challenges and proposing practical solutions (e.g., modifications in organizational structure), we hope to take a major step towards removing barriers against pediatric pain management

The effect of empowerment model on quality of life of Diabetic adolescents

Background: The purpose of this research is to estimate the effect of empowerment model on quality of life of diabetic adolescents. Methods: The present semi experimental applied research was carried out on 47 diabetic adolescents in two health centers using census approach in order to investigate the effect of empowerment – model on their quality of life of diabetic adolescents in 2005-2006. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of case and control. The research tools included: the questionnaires of demographic information (characteristics), special quality of life, knowledge, self-efficacy and self-esteem of the adolescents. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated by content validity and alfa–chrounbach tests respectively. After collecting the pre-intervention data, the empowerment–model was performed on the samples of the case group according to its triple steps (perceived threat, problem solving and evaluation). Then, the data were collected and analyzed 2/5 months after the empowerment intervention. Findings: The obtained results are as follows: Chi–square test showed no significant difference between the groups of case and control in terms of their demographic characteristics (such as age, gender, literacy) (P>0.05). Independent t-test indicated no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their quality of life before and after the empowerment intervention (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention in terms of dif-scores of the quality of life (P<0.001). Based on the results of applied paired t-test, there was a significant difference before and after the intervention in the case group in terms of their mean quality of life (P<0.001). Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, according to our findings in the present research, implementation of the empowerment–model intervention has been highly effective on the diabetic adolescent's quality of life, and we suggest this model to be applied on other age groups of our society in a wider range