The relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performance

A number of studies, particularly in developed countries, had been carried out to explore the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Since, the value creation of corporate governance can be measured through the firm performance, corporate governance act as a mechanism to align management's goals with the stakeholders especially to increase firm performance. Despite extensive study of corporate governance there are still inconsistencies in the link between corporate governance and firm performance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performance in Malaysia Public Listed Companies. To do so five corporate governance components was used as independent variables include: Independent director, board size, audit committee, leadership structure and board meeting. While the dependent variables are two firm performance measurements; return on equity (ROE) and earning per share (EPS). Based on a random stratified sampling eight hundred thirty one (831) listed companies from main board of Bursa Malaysia for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 were selected as samples of the study. The data gathered from Annual Reports of the companies have been entered into Excel Spread Sheet, then were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Three types of data analyses have been performed; descriptive, T-test and Spearman correlation. The study discovered that, independent non-executive directors has an influence on earnings per share, board size has an influence on return on equity and earnings per share and also audit committee has an influence on earnings per share, leadership structure has an influence on return on equity and board meeting also has an influence on earnings per share. The results on the relationship between the firm performance and corporate governance mechanism suggest a positive relationship between return on equity and earnings per share as per the hypothesis testing. Therefore, the results also show that good corporate governance enforcement influence firm performance. Finally, no single theory offers a complete explanation of board characteristics-firm performance relationship, but rather rudiments of each theory can be seen to apply in different situations

An Expository Study of Islamic Environment Law

Islam as a complete way of life has provided for the concept of protection of the environment over 1400 years before the world became increasingly concerned about the safety of the world we live in. the Islamic concept of environmental law is predicated mainly on the concept of the duty of the human being to ensure that he causes no harm to others and others don’t cause harm to them. The sharia principle does not end on only the individual safeguarding and ensuring that he causes no harm to the environment but extends to positive acts that will make the environment even safer than it was met. Upholding the concept of environmental protection under Islamic law is exceedingly important in the present generation in view of the fact that over two billion people of the world are Muslims hence greatly important in preserving and protecting the environment. The principle of environmental protection is likely to enjoy greater respect on the part of Muslims because the laws are that of the creator and the lord of mankind as taught by the messenger that was sent as mercy to mankind. The use of admonishment in enlightening people on the importance of protecting the environment needs not be over emphasized. The paper will therefore discuss the concept of environmental law under Islamic law. The advantage Islamic concept of environment law has over conventional laws in terms of observance by the believers will equally be visited, the role of admonishment in environmental protection and suggestions on how best this Islamic principles will be used for the good of all. Keywords: Islam, environment, pollution, admonishment

Constitutionalism, Democracy and National Development in Nigeria

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 states that the Constitution is supreme and a government can only legitimately come to power in the Federal Republic of Nigeria through democratic means. Democracy which is the popular mandate of the people is therefore the only legitimate means of governance in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the democratic governments in Nigeria just like their military counterparts have failed to deliver the dividends of democracy to the electorates. The common man in Nigeria expects national development, the respect for the rule of law and fundamental rights as enshrined in the Constitution. The question is what is really the cause of the inability of the government to meet up to the aspirations of its people? Corruption and bad governance cannot be ruled out as part of the problem. This paper therefore intends to examine national development in Nigeria in the light of constitutionalism and national development

Affordability In Amortisation Of Public Urban Workforce Home Ownership In Sokoto, Nigeria

This research study is based purely on the home ownership of public urban workforce housing in Nigeria, with particular focus on affordability in amortisation. Kajian penyelidikan ialah rnengenai kajian tahap kernarnpuan pernilikan rurnah oleh tenaga kerja dalarn sektor awarn di bandar di Nigeria, dengan fokus utarna rnengena1 tahap kernampuan mereka dalarn rnelunaskan bayaran pinjarnan

Approaches for Enhancing Graduates of Agricultural Education Work Skills Towards Social and Economic Transformation in Nigeria

Agricultural revolution is a fundamental pre-condition for economic and social transformation of a nation. The new agricultural education curricular emphasized on the acquisition of productive work skills by students for paid and self-employment to enable them live effective and meaningful lives and be able to contribute towards the development of society in which they find themselves. For graduates of agricultural education to be functional and saleable in the society, they need improvement and their skills must be relevant. It is in this regard that this paper has considered some approaches for enhancing graduates of agricultural education work skills towards social and economic transformation of Nigeria. The paper identified lack of adequate land as a factor of production, poor funding of agricultural education programmes, inadequate equipment and training infrastructure, irrelevant and outdated curriculum as factors hindering acquisition of work skills by students of agricultural education. It was recommended that teachers need to change their focus on teaching to learner centred approach and that extra-curricular programmes in agricultural education should be revived as this will ensure that every learner has the opportunity to gain work skills at any point of their studies. Keywords: Enhancing, graduates, agricultural education, work skills, transformation