Design, synthesis and evaluation of new colourimetric chemosensors containing quinazolinones moiety for some cations detection in an aqueous medium and biological sample

755-766The current project deals with designing and synthesizing of colourimetric chemosensors to detect the cations in the aqueous medium and biological sample. To achieve this goal a new series of quinazolinone derivatives have been synthesized via reaction of the novel 6-nitro-2-propyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one 3 with selected nitrogen nucleophiles, namely, formamide, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, o-phenylendiamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol, urea and/or thiourea. Structures of the new compounds have been investigated depending on their spectral data (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS) and elemental analyses. Some of the newly synthesized products exhibit significant response as chemosensors for a few cations detection

Design, synthesis and evaluation of new colourimetric chemosensors containing quinazolinones moiety for some cations detection in an aqueous medium and biological sample

The current project deals with designing and synthesizing of colourimetric chemosensors to detect the cations in the aqueous medium and biological sample. To achieve this goal a new series of quinazolinone derivatives have been synthesized via reaction of the novel 6-nitro-2-propyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one 3 with selected nitrogen nucleophiles, namely, formamide, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, o-phenylendiamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol, urea and/or thiourea. Structures of the new compounds have been investigated depending on their spectral data (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS) and elemental analyses. Some of the newly synthesized products exhibit significant response as chemosensors for a few cations detection.

Design, synthesis and evaluate of imidazole, triazine and metastable oxazolone derivatives as chemosensor for detecting metals

In the current work, a novel series of substituted imidazole, triazine and metastable Oxazolone derivatives were synthesized. The performance of 4-arylideneoxazol-5(4H)-one (2a-c) towards amoniuma acetate, hydrazine hydrate, phenyhydrazine and primary amines has been discussed. DFT bases and calculations of HUMO, LUMO were used to predict the ability of binding between synthesized compound and cations. All the synthesized compounds were assessed as chemosensors for detection metals ions. Colorimetric investigation confirmed and showed high-selectivity and specificity of compounds 5b and 5c to detect cobalt ion, and copper ion respectively, so compounds 5b and 5c can be directed as a chemosensor for optical detection of Co2+and Cu2+ respectively. On the other hand, new organic chemosensor were established by, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR ms spectroscopy and elemental analysis

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially