The Presumption of Conviction in Criminal Legislation: A Comparative Study

It is known that the accused is innocent until proven guilty by a final judicial decision providing that the claimant submits evidence that he/she is innocent. The above comes as a result of the presumption of the innocence principle that is applicable in most international and national laws. However, the former principle is not absolute; the comparative criminal legislation created an exception to this principle which is designed to exchange roles and make some of the burden of proving the facts rest with the defendant, in the sense that the accused is convicted until he proves his/her innocence and this is what might be called a presumption of conviction. Therefore, this study aims at determining the reality of the presumption of conviction in the penal legislation under consideration. An evaluation of this principle, including justification of this type of evidence, has also been examined. This examination gives clear answers to questions that may be raised about the legitimacy of the presumption of condemnation in view of the international conventions and the general principles of the presumption of innocence. The examination of this principle has been carried through comparative legislation, whether in the form of legal evidence to assume the moral or material element of the crime, or in the form of evidence the judge can deduce through the circumstances surrounding the incident. Thus, this study, as a descriptive analysis of the presumption of condemnation in penal comparative legislation, has concluded with some conclusions and recommendations

EMPIRICAL STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG MULTINATIONAL ACADEMICIANS

Knowledge sharing among faculty members may enhance the quality of teaching and research activities. Despite the fact that a number of research has been conducted, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that focus on multinational academicians. The aim of this empirical study is to investigate ways and factors which contribute to knowledge sharing in the context of multinational academicians at universities. We performed this study at the Information Technology faculty at one of universities in Saudi Arabia, as a case study. The faculty employed academicians from 10 different countries including Malaysia, Jordanian, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Pakistan, Yamen, Algeria and Canada. We used qualitative and quantitative approaches. The sample size of this study is N=40, and n=38 responded to the survey. Research results indicate 100% and 95% of academicians preferred to use phone calls and social media respectively, for knowledge sharing. Between 92% and 95% of the respondents have approved that elements of self-esteem which include satisfaction and feeling proud of oneself, respectively, are factors for knowledge sharing. Despite the fact that there is a strong relationship between trust and friendship, there is a need to substantiate that assumption because only 42% of the respondents shared based on a friendship relationship. Respondents also recognized appreciation and monetary rewards as motivation factors. The language used, lack of informal interactions, voluntary efforts are among barriers of knowledge sharing in this context. Findings of this study can be used a guideline for setting up a knowledge sharing mechanism by multinational higher education institutes

A Bibliometric Analysis of Published Articles on Management Information Systems (MIS)

This paper aimed to explore trends in management information systems (MIS) research from 2017 to 2021 and compare their contributions based on different countries and authors. In particular, this study presents a bibliometric analysis of MIS highlighting key themes including, effective top MIS journals, authors, contributing countries, source types, sponsoring institutions, document languages, and subject areas, within the past five years. The data were chosen from Web of Science and Scopus databases based on defined search terms relating to MIS. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to summarize bibliometric features, including the number of publications, subject areas and country contributions. Based on the search results, a total of 3624 papers were included. The results showed that most of the articles were published in journals and conferences, mainly in English. Additionally, most of the research in MIS was in the computer, engineering, medicine and management sciences fields and China contributed the largest percentage of articles (17%). The “Journal of Physics”and the“International Conference on Information Systems Development” had the highest publication number, while, the European Commission, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the National Science Foundation were the top funding institutions.The outcomes provide a global perspective of the MIS field, identifying the works that have had the greatest impact, the main study traditions or themes that have been explored in MIS studies. Structural analyses revealed changes in the MIS over time. The paper concluded with suggestions and accumulated knowledge for future study. Keywords: Bibliometric analysis, Information Systems, Management Information Systems, MIS field. DOI: 10.7176/IKM/11-4-14 Publication date:November 30th 2021

Brown Tumor of the Cervical Spines: A Case Report with Literature Review

To report a rare case of axis brown tumor and to review literature of cervical spine brown tumor. Brown tumor is a rare bone lesion, incidence less than 5% in primary hyperparathyroidism. It is more common in secondary hyperparathyroidism with up to 13% of cases. Brown tumor reactive lesion forms as a result of disturbed bone remodeling due to long standing increase in parathyroid hormones. Cervical spine involvement is extremely rare, can be confused with serous spine lesions. To date, only four cases of cervical spine involvement have been reported. Three were due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Only one was reported to involve the axis and was due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. This is the first reported case of axis brown tumor due to primary hyperparathyroidism. A case report of brown tumor is presented. A literature review was conducted by a Medline search of reported cases of brown tumor, key words: brown tumor, osteoclastoma and cervical lesions. The resulting papers were reviewed and cervical spine cases were listed then classified according to the level, cause, and management. Only four previous cases involved the cervical spine. Three were caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism and one was by primary hyperparathyroidism which involved the C6. Our case was the first case of C2 involvement of primary hyperparathyroidism and it was managed conservatively. Brown tumor, a rare spinal tumor that presents with high PTH and giant cells, requires a high level of suspicion

The relationship between capital structure and performance of non-financial firms listed in Amman Stock Exchange

The main objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between capital structure and firm’s performance particularly focusing on the Jordanian firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange. The current study uses 95 sample firms from non-financial firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange. The period of study is 5 years (2013-2017). The series of regressions have been shown and the results are reported based on fixed effect model. The findings show that all variables represent capital structure by Long Term Debt to Total Assets, Total Debt to Total Assets, Size, Sales Growth, Tangibility, and Liquidity have the relationship with firm’s performance represent by ROA and Tobin’s Q. Total Debt to Total Assets and growth have a positive significant relationship with firm’s performance. Meanwhile, The Long-Term Debt to Total Assets and Liquidity show insignificant relationship with firm’s performance. Similarly, Tangibility has a significant negative relationship with ROA and Tobin’s Q

Techn Techn Techn Techniq iq iq iques, Applications and Challenging Issue in Text Mining ues, Applications and Challenging Issue in Text Mining ues, Applications and Challenging Issue in Text Mining ues

Abstract Text mining is a very exciting research area as it tries to discover knowledge from unstructured texts. These texts can be found on a computer desktop, intranets and the internet. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of text mining in the contexts of its techniques, application domains and the most challenging issue. The focus is given on fundamentals methods of text mining which include natural language possessing and information extraction. This paper also gives a short review on domains which have employed text mining. The challenging issue in text mining which is caused by the complexity in a natural language is also addressed in this paper

The Use and Effects of Smartphones in Higher Education

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use and effects of smartphones on academic staffs at a university level, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We conducted a survey study using questionnaires. The questionnaires were randomly distributed to 66 academic staffs who own a smartphone at the Northern Border University. This study discovers the smartphone had replaced a computer, and an email application was mostly used. The academic staffs also had utilized smartphone as a means for knowledge sharing. Social media applications were greatly used in teaching and learning. Despite the benefits of smartphone use, academic staffs had been negatively affected.  This study also reveals that having a smartphone diverted academic staffs' focus at work, created "check habits", and an artificial relationship; more than 90% of the respondents admitted that they put their smartphone besides their bed before sleep, and 61.41% of them claimed that they had the feelings of incompleteness whenever smartphones were not with them.

The Relationship between Capital Structure and Performance of Non-Financial Firms Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

The aim of this study is to take a step forward to examine the relationship between capital structure and firm performance particularly concentrating on the firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The current study uses 95 sample firms from non-financial firms listed on ASE. The period of the present study is (2013 - 2017). The regressions have been shown and the results are showed rely upon the fixed effect model. The results show that all variables represent capital structure by Total Debt to Total Assets, Long Term Debt to Total Assets, Firm Size, Sales growth, Tangibility, and Liquidity have the relationship to firm’s performance represents by return on assets and Tobin’s Q. Sales growth and Total Debt to Total Assets have statistically positive significant relationship with firm’s performance. Meanwhile, Long Term Debt to Total Assets and Liquidity show a statistically insignificant relationship with firm performance. Similarly, Tangibility has a statistically negative significant relationship with Tobin’s Q and return on assets. Lastly, the study is contributed to top managers by providing value of an effective and efficient capital structure to firm performance in Jordanian business environment, by facilitating them in improving their capital structures to maximise shareholders’ wealth as well as findings of this study will be important to other researchers by providing empirical evidence on the influence of capital structure on firm performance. Keywords: Amman Stock Exchange, Capital Structure, Firm’s Performance, Jordan DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-2-09 Publication date: January 31st 202