Planeamiento estratégico del sector industrial de la alcachofa en el Perú

La presente tesis busca establecer un plan estratégico para el desarrollo de la Industria de la Alcachofa en toda su cadena productiva con el fin de lograr ser más competitivos y sostenibles, a través del establecimiento de estrategias y logro de objetivos corto y largo plazo que permitan al 2026 que el Perú logre ser el tercer productor de Alcachofa y el segundo exportador de conservas de Alcachofa en el mundo. Considerando las características del tema, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de investigación, ya que, se procedió a recopilar la información relacionada al tema con el propósito de conocer la situación actual y poder construir una futura basándose en alcanzar una visión a través de objetivos y estrategias. Los resultados de la investigación, demostraron que La Industria de Alcachofa en El Perú, dentro de sus principales fortalezas cuenta con potencial de expansión agrícola, alto rendimiento de producción, buen relacionamiento a nivel mundial, y producción continua durante el año, que le otorga una ventaja competitiva, las oportunidades detectadas fueron: cambio en los hábitos de consumo a nivel mundial, buen clima económico, incremento del apoyo del Gobierno a la exportación de productos no tradicionales. De otro lado las debilidades identificadas fueron: un alto grado de parcelación de tierras, escaso nivel técnico de los agricultores exceptuando a las cinco empresas agro-exportadoras que dominan la comercialización, bajo número de hectáreas cultivadas de Alcachofa en comparación con la oferta de otros países. Las amenazas más importantes corresponden a la volatilidad de la estabilidad económica de los países de destino y de condiciones medioambientales que podrían afectar el rendimiento de la producción. En cuanto a la comercialización el 90% corresponde a alcachofa en conserva, por lo que dentro del plan se sugiere una industrialización total del sector, que involucre mejoras a todo nivel de la cadena productiva que permitan alcanzar la visión propuestaThis thesis seeks to establish a strategic plan for the development of the industry Artichokes entire production chain in order to become more competitive and sustainable, through the establishment of strategies and achieve short and long term objectives to enable the 2026 for Peru to be the third largest producer of artichoke and second exporter of canned artichoke in the world. Considering the characteristics of the subject, a qualitative research methodology was applied because, proceeded to collect information related to the subject in order to know the current situation and to build a future based on achieving a vision through goals and strategies. The research results showed that Industry Artichoke in Peru, within its main strengths has potential for agricultural expansion, high production efficiency, good relations worldwide, and continuous production during the year, which gives a competitive advantage, the opportunities identified were: change in consumer habits worldwide, good economic climate, increased government support for exports of non-traditional products. On the other hand the weaknesses identified were: a high degree of fragmentation of land, low technical level of farmers except for the five companies agro-exporters that dominate the market, low number of cultivated hectares of Artichoke compared with supply from other countries. The most important threats correspond to the volatility of the economic stability of countries of destination and environmental conditions that could affect the production yield. As for marketing 90% is canned artichoke, so plan within the total industrialization of the sector, involving improvements at all levels of the production chain that achieve the vision proposal suggestsTesi

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Planeamiento estratégico del sector industrial de la alcachofa en el Perú

La presente tesis busca establecer un plan estratégico para el desarrollo de la Industria de la Alcachofa en toda su cadena productiva con el fin de lograr ser más competitivos y sostenibles, a través del establecimiento de estrategias y logro de objetivos corto y largo plazo que permitan al 2026 que el Perú logre ser el tercer productor de Alcachofa y el segundo exportador de conservas de Alcachofa en el mundo. Considerando las características del tema, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de investigación, ya que, se procedió a recopilar la información relacionada al tema con el propósito de conocer la situación actual y poder construir una futura basándose en alcanzar una visión a través de objetivos y estrategias. Los resultados de la investigación, demostraron que La Industria de Alcachofa en El Perú, dentro de sus principales fortalezas cuenta con potencial de expansión agrícola, alto rendimiento de producción, buen relacionamiento a nivel mundial, y producción continua durante el año, que le otorga una ventaja competitiva, las oportunidades detectadas fueron: cambio en los hábitos de consumo a nivel mundial, buen clima económico, incremento del apoyo del Gobierno a la exportación de productos no tradicionales. De otro lado las debilidades identificadas fueron: un alto grado de parcelación de tierras, escaso nivel técnico de los agricultores exceptuando a las cinco empresas agro-exportadoras que dominan la comercialización, bajo número de hectáreas cultivadas de Alcachofa en comparación con la oferta de otros países. Las amenazas más importantes corresponden a la volatilidad de la estabilidad económica de los países de destino y de condiciones medioambientales que podrían afectar el rendimiento de la producción. En cuanto a la comercialización el 90% corresponde a alcachofa en conserva, por lo que dentro del plan se sugiere una industrialización total del sector, que involucre mejoras a todo nivel de la cadena productiva que permitan alcanzar la visión propuestaThis thesis seeks to establish a strategic plan for the development of the industry Artichokes entire production chain in order to become more competitive and sustainable, through the establishment of strategies and achieve short and long term objectives to enable the 2026 for Peru to be the third largest producer of artichoke and second exporter of canned artichoke in the world. Considering the characteristics of the subject, a qualitative research methodology was applied because, proceeded to collect information related to the subject in order to know the current situation and to build a future based on achieving a vision through goals and strategies. The research results showed that Industry Artichoke in Peru, within its main strengths has potential for agricultural expansion, high production efficiency, good relations worldwide, and continuous production during the year, which gives a competitive advantage, the opportunities identified were: change in consumer habits worldwide, good economic climate, increased government support for exports of non-traditional products. On the other hand the weaknesses identified were: a high degree of fragmentation of land, low technical level of farmers except for the five companies agro-exporters that dominate the market, low number of cultivated hectares of Artichoke compared with supply from other countries. The most important threats correspond to the volatility of the economic stability of countries of destination and environmental conditions that could affect the production yield. As for marketing 90% is canned artichoke, so plan within the total industrialization of the sector, involving improvements at all levels of the production chain that achieve the vision proposal suggestsTesisxix, 216 h. : il. ; 30 cm

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures

Impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic Cardiac Procedural Volume in Oceania: The IAEA Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Objectives: The INCAPS COVID Oceania study aimed to assess the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac procedure volume provided in the Oceania region. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed comparing procedure volumes within March 2019 (pre-COVID-19) with April 2020 (during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic). Sixty-three (63) health care facilities within Oceania that perform cardiac diagnostic procedures were surveyed, including a mixture of metropolitan and regional, hospital and outpatient, public and private sites, and 846 facilities outside of Oceania. The percentage change in procedure volume was measured between March 2019 and April 2020, compared by test type and by facility. Results: In Oceania, the total cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was reduced by 52.2% from March 2019 to April 2020, compared to a reduction of 75.9% seen in the rest of the world (p&lt;0.001). Within Oceania sites, this reduction varied significantly between procedure types, but not between types of health care facility. All procedure types (other than stress cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR] and positron emission tomography [PET]) saw significant reductions in volume over this time period (p&lt;0.001). In Oceania, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) decreased by 51.6%, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) by 74.0%, and stress tests by 65% overall, which was more pronounced for stress electrocardiograph (ECG) (81.8%) and stress echocardiography (76.7%) compared to stress single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) (44.3%). Invasive coronary angiography decreased by 36.7% in Oceania. Conclusion: A significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedure volume was seen across all facility types in Oceania and was likely a function of recommendations from cardiac societies and directives from government to minimise spread of COVID-19 amongst patients and staff. Longer term evaluation is important to assess for negative patient outcomes which may relate to deferral of usual models of care within cardiology

International Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. Its effects on delivery of diagnostic care for cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, have not been quantified. Objectives: The study sought to assess COVID-19's impact on global cardiovascular diagnostic procedural volumes and safety practices. Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes and safety practices resulting from COVID-19. Noninvasive and invasive cardiac testing volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared with those from March 2019. Availability of personal protective equipment and pandemic-related testing practice changes were ascertained. Results: Surveys were submitted from 909 inpatient and outpatient centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 108 countries. Procedure volumes decreased 42% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 64% from March 2019 to April 2020. Transthoracic echocardiography decreased by 59%, transesophageal echocardiography 76%, and stress tests 78%, which varied between stress modalities. Coronary angiography (invasive or computed tomography) decreased 55% (p &lt; 0.001 for each procedure). In multivariable regression, significantly greater reduction in procedures occurred for centers in countries with lower gross domestic product. Location in a low-income and lower–middle-income country was associated with an additional 22% reduction in cardiac procedures and less availability of personal protective equipment and telehealth. Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with a significant and abrupt reduction in cardiovascular diagnostic testing across the globe, especially affecting the world's economically challenged. Further study of cardiovascular outcomes and COVID-19–related changes in care delivery is warranted