On the origin of the extra capacity at low potential in materials for Li batteries reacting through conversion reaction

The possibility of interfacial storage at low potential for electrode materials reacting through conversion reactions was evaluated. The amount of charge that could be stored through the proposed interfacial mechanism was estimated for a range of different materials and found to be much lower than those observed experimentally. Moreover, the slope of the potential decay and the influence of the current in the extent of stored capacity for experiments carried out in composite electrodes containing Co3O4 are not consistent with a capacitive-like mechanism. In summary, no evidence for capacitive storage could be found, our results being in agreement with the process taking place at low potential being solely related to electrolyte decomposition

Electrodeposition of arrays of Ru, Pt, and PtRu Alloy 1D metallic nanostructures

Arrays of Ru, Pt, and PtRu one dimensional 1D nanowires NWs and nanotubes NTs were prepared by electrodeposition through the porous structure of an anodic aluminum oxide AAO membrane. In each case, micrometer-long NW and NT were formed with an outer diameter of ca. 200 nm, close to the interior diameter of the porous AAO membrane. Arrays of NW and NT can be formed by varying the metallic salt concentration, the applied potential, and the conductivity of the electrolyte. The Ru and Pt deposition rates were measured in the various deposition conditions, using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of Ru and Pt NW and NT are discussed based on the observed deposition rates and models found in the literature. Finally, it is shown that arrays of PtRu alloy NT and NW can be readily prepared and their compositions can be varied over the whole compositional range by changing the metallic salt concentration of the electrodeposition bath

Inferring Regulatory Networks from Expression Data Using Tree-Based Methods

One of the pressing open problems of computational systems biology is the elucidation of the topology of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) using high throughput genomic data, in particular microarray gene expression data. The Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM) challenge aims to evaluate the success of GRN inference algorithms on benchmarks of simulated data. In this article, we present GENIE3, a new algorithm for the inference of GRNs that was best performer in the DREAM4 In Silico Multifactorial challenge. GENIE3 decomposes the prediction of a regulatory network between p genes into p different regression problems. In each of the regression problems, the expression pattern of one of the genes (target gene) is predicted from the expression patterns of all the other genes (input genes), using tree-based ensemble methods Random Forests or Extra-Trees. The importance of an input gene in the prediction of the target gene expression pattern is taken as an indication of a putative regulatory link. Putative regulatory links are then aggregated over all genes to provide a ranking of interactions from which the whole network is reconstructed. In addition to performing well on the DREAM4 In Silico Multifactorial challenge simulated data, we show that GENIE3 compares favorably with existing algorithms to decipher the genetic regulatory network of Escherichia coli. It doesn't make any assumption about the nature of gene regulation, can deal with combinatorial and non-linear interactions, produces directed GRNs, and is fast and scalable. In conclusion, we propose a new algorithm for GRN inference that performs well on both synthetic and real gene expression data. The algorithm, based on feature selection with tree-based ensemble methods, is simple and generic, making it adaptable to other types of genomic data and interactions

Generalised Mutual Information: a Framework for Discriminative Clustering

In the last decade, recent successes in deep clustering majorly involved the Mutual Information (MI) as an unsupervised objective for training neural networks with increasing regularisations. While the quality of the regularisations have been largely discussed for improvements, little attention has been dedicated to the relevance of MI as a clustering objective. In this paper, we first highlight how the maximisation of MI does not lead to satisfying clusters. We identified the Kullback-Leibler divergence as the main reason of this behaviour. Hence, we generalise the mutual information by changing its core distance, introducing the Generalised Mutual Information (GEMINI): a set of metrics for unsupervised neural network training. Unlike MI, some GEMINIs do not require regularisations when training as they are geometry-aware thanks to distances or kernels in the data space. Finally, we highlight that GEMINIs can automatically select a relevant number of clusters, a property that has been little studied in deep discriminative clustering context where the number of clusters is a priori unknown.Comment: Submitted for review at the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. This article is an extension of an original NeurIPS 2022 article [arXiv:2210.06300

Electrochemical Method for Direct Deposition of Nanometric Bismuth and Its Electrochemical Properties vs Li

We report that nanometric bismuth can directly be electrodeposited at room temperature without the use of a nanoporous template. The morphology, microstructure, and purity of the as-prepared electrodeposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Typically, well-crystallized nanometer-sized particles of Bi ranging from 10 to 20 nm are obtained. The key to success of such a process lies in the electrochemical coreduction of pyrocatechol violet during the bismuth deposition, which disturbs the electrocrystallization process. As a first possible application, we show that Bi/Cu nanoarchitectured electrodes exhibit interesting rate capabilities when used as electrode material vs Li

The modulation of somatosensory resonance by psychopathic traits and empathy

A large number of neuroimaging studies have shown neural overlaps between first-hand experiences of pain and the perception of pain in others. This shared neural representation of vicarious pain is thought to involve both affective and sensorimotor systems. A number of individual factors are thought to modulate the cerebral response to other's pain. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of psychopathic traits on the relation between sensorimotor resonance to other's pain and self-reported empathy. Our group has previously shown that a steady-state response to non-painful stimulation is modulated by the observation of other people's bodily pain. This change in somatosensory response was interpreted as a form of somatosensory gating (SG). Here, using the same technique, SG was compared between two groups of 15 young adult males: one scoring very high on a self-reported measure of psychopathic traits [60.8 ± 4.98; Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP)] and one scoring very low (42.7 ± 2.94). The results showed a significantly greater reduction of SG to pain observation for the high psychopathic traits group compared to the low psychopathic traits group. SG to pain observation was positively correlated with affective and interpersonal facet of psychopathy in the whole sample. The high psychopathic traits group also reported lower empathic concern (EC) scores than the low psychopathic traits group. Importantly, primary psychopathy, as assessed by the LSRP, mediated the relation between EC and SG to pain observation. Together, these results suggest that increase somatosensory resonance to other's pain is not exclusively explained by trait empathy and may be linked to other personality dimensions, such as psychopathic traits

Les caractères du détritisme paléogène aux abords du Massif du Pelvoux (Alpes externes méridionales)

Mémoire HS n° 13 - Géologie Alpine : Le détritisme dans le Sud-Est de la France - Colloque Association des Géologues du Sud-est - Grenoble 11-12 décembre 1986Aux abords du Pelvoux, la sédimentation tertiaire montre des apports détritiques importants. La nature et la répartition du flux terrigène sont contrôlées par la nature du substratum qui subit la transgression nummulitique ainsi que par le jeu d ' accidents synsédimentaires. Partout, la base de la série, ainsi que son couronnement par les couches détritiques terminales (Grès de Saint-Disdier ; Grès du Champsaur et Olistostrome) attestent de ce détritisme. Néanmoins le SE et l'E du Pelvoux montrent souvent un détritisme plus important, soit que la totalité de la série -ou presque- se trouve représentée par les seuls Grès du Champsaur, soit que le détritisme grossier (à olistolites souvent) envahisse la série paléogène sur pratiquement toute sa hauteur

Ventricular fibrillation in experimental hypothermic cardiac surgery, the evaluation of antifibrillary agents

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Migration of polyphenols from natural and microagglomerated cork stoppers to hydroalcoholic solutions and their sensory impact

During bottling aging, the wine comes into contact with the cork stopper due to the horizontal position of the bottle. The release of compounds, such as cork phenolic compounds, thus take place between the cork and the wine, depending on the type of cork stopper and the surface treatments applied. Many publications describe the extraction of these phenolic compounds in wine or hydroalcoholic solutions from natural corks, but few address microagglomerated corks, which are increasingly used by winemakers to seal their bottles. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the polyphenols, mainly hydrolysable tannins, transferred from natural and microagglomerated corks treated with supercritical CO2 into hydroalcoholic solutions. For this purpose, polyphenols released in macerates of natural and microagglomerated cork stoppers were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QQQ. Suberic acid was also quantified. In this study, despite the high intra-“natural cork stopper” variability, significant differences were found between both types of stoppers for all polyphenols, the agglomerated corks releasing significantly less polyphenols; i.e., 25 times less. In contrast, suberic acid was extracted from both types of corks in similar concentrations; therefore, its extractability was not impacted by the type of stopper. A sensory profile was also carried out on the macerates. Macerates of natural cork stoppers were perceived with notes of “cardboard, dust, plank, wood” and “cork taint” significantly higher than supercritical CO2 treated microagglomerated cork stopper macerates. Moreover, the natural cork macerate with the highest content in polyphenol was perceived as being more bitter than that of microagglomerated cork stoppers