Percepções de duas professoras do 1º ciclo sobre actividades preconizadas no EEC

Este estudo insere-se no quadro de uma investigação mais ampla, onde se pretende averiguar que mudanças evidenciam os professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1º CEB) nas concepções de ensino e de aprendizagem, após a implementação do Programa de Formação de Professores do 1º CEB em Ensino Experimental das Ciências (PFEEC). Discute-se, com base nos resultados de uma entrevista semi-estruturada, a situação particular de duas formandas em dois momentos distintos do processo: antes do PFEEC e após a conclusão deste programa de formação. Pretende-se dar resposta às seguintes questões de investigação: (i) Que expectativas revelam os professores do 1º Ciclo sobre as actividades que irão ser implementadas no PFFEC? (ii) Que potencialidades atribuem os professores às actividades, no âmbito das Ciências Experimentais, após a realização desse programa de formação? (iii) Que dificuldades encontram esses professores na implementação dessas actividades

Instrumentos genéricos de funcionalidade e atividade física: como identificar a incapacidade associada à dor

ABSTRACT - Aims: To determine whether generic measures of disability, depression and physical activity are able to differentiate participants with and without pain. Materials and methods: 504 adults aged ≥60 years old recruited at 18 primary care centers were assessed for: pain (NRS), disability (WHODAS), performance (SPPB), depressive symptoms (GDS) and physical activity (RAPA). Results: 376 (74.6%) participants reported pain; pain sites most commonly reported were: low back (54.6%), knee (50.8%), shoulder (29.5%), hip (27.9%) and neck (24.7%). Pain was associated with increased disability, depression and decreased physical activity. Conclusions: Generic instruments were able to capture pain associated changes.RESUMO - Objetivos: Explorar se instrumentos genéricos de funcionalidade, depressão e atividade física são capazes de diferenciar utentes com e sem dor. Materiais e métodos: 504 pessoas com 60 ou mais anos dos cuidados de saúde primários foram avaliadas quanto a: dor (NRS), funcionalidade percebida (WHODAS), performance (SPPB), depressão (GDS) e atividade física (RAPA). Resultados: 376 (74,6%) participantes referiram dor; os 5 segmentos corporais mais afetados foram: a lombar (54,6%), os joelhos (50,8%), os ombros (29,5%), a anca (27,9%) e a cervical (24,7%). A presença de dor estava associada a menor funcionalidade, depressão e menor atividade física. Conclusões: Instrumentos genéricos são capazes de distinguir alterações associadas à dor.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Concepções de professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico: o que eles declaram antes de abordarem o conceito de evaporação no âmbito do PFEEC

Este estudo tem por base, parte de uma investigação efectuada por um grupo de professores de vários níveis escolares: professores do 1º, 2º e 3º Ciclos do Ensino Básico (CEB) e do Ensino Superior. O principal propósito deste estudo foi analisar as concepções declaradas de oito professores do 1º CEB, participantes, pela primeira vez, no Programa de Formação de Professores do 1º CEB em Ensino Experimental das Ciências (PFEEC). O estudo foi realizado antes dos professores abordarem a temática Mudanças de Estado Físico no âmbito do PFEEC, centrando-se no ensino do conceito de Evaporação. Para se efectuar a análise dos documentos redigidos pelos professores, contemplando as suas concepções declaradas (designados por Radiografias da Prática), foi utilizado um Instrumento de Análise das Concepções dos Professores de Ensino Básico, no âmbito das Ciências da Natureza, de acordo com Monteiro (2006) e Monteiro et al. (2008). Neste estudo foram encontrados perfis de 5 professores manifestando uma tendência maioritariamente Espontaneísta, um exibido um perfil maioritário Tradicional e outro apresentando um perfil mais Tecnológico

Impacte do programa de formação em ensino experimental das ciências nas conceções e práticas de professores do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Numa época em que nos regemos, cada vez mais, pela Ciência e Tecnologia é fundamental que os cidadãos estejam devidamente informados, exercendo uma cidadania plena, tomando decisões fundamentadas e intervindo na sociedade. Para viabilizar estes intentos, é importante que a educação científica se inicie nas escolas o mais cedo possível, para a edificação de futuros cidadãos cientificamente literatos. Apesar das dificuldades manifestadas pelos professores na implementação do ensino das Ciências nas escolas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB), são várias as potencialidades que têm vindo a ser atribuídas a este campo curricular. Com este estudo pretendeu-se descrever e interpretar as conceções de ensino e aprendizagem de professores do 1.º CEB, no contexto do Programa de Formação em Ensino Experimental das Ciências (PFEEC), bem como averiguar como implementam as atividades práticas de índole experimental e investigativo em sala de aula, e quais as dificuldades sentidas durante a sua realização. Para atingir estas finalidades, utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica de orientação interpretativa, de base naturalista, recorrendo-se ao método de estudo de casos múltiplos, fazendo-se uso de distintos instrumentos de recolha de dados: observação naturalista, entrevistas, notas de campo e documentos escritos. Participaram neste estudo três professoras do 1.º CEB, pertencentes a duas escolas do concelho de Faro. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria das conceções das professoras relativamente às categorias edificadas foram modificadas após a frequência do PFEEC. Contudo, outras aparentam estar fortemente enraizadas. Estas mudanças que ocorreram parecem estar relacionadas com a modificação das ações, atitudes e sentimentos das professoras que se coadunaram com a metodologia de trabalho defendida pelo PFEEC, culminando na modificação das suas práticas letivas. Durante a planificação e implementação das atividades as professoras manifestaram algumas dificuldades e constrangimentos. Todavia, no decorrer do PFEEC, estes obstáculos foram sendo minimizados; IMPACT OF A TRAINING PROGRAMME ON THE CONCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ABSTRACT: In an era in which we are governed, more and more, by Science and Technology, it is fundamental that citizens are properly informed; exercising full citizenship; making fundamental decisions and intervening in society. To enable these intentions, it is important that scientific education takes place in schools as soon as possible, so as to edify future scientifically literate citizens. Despite the teachers' difficulties in implementing Science teaching in Primary Schools, there are many potentialities that have come to be attributed to this curricular field. This study is intended to describe and interpret science learning and teaching conceptions of the Primary School teachers, in the context of the Training Programme in Experimental Science Teaching (PFEEC), as well as determine how they implement the experimental science and inquiry based learning activities in the classroom, and take into account what experienced difficulties occur during their execution. To reach these goals, a methodological approach of interpretive orientation, on a naturalistic basis, using a method of multiple case study, by means of distinct data collection tools was used: naturalistic observation, interviews, field research notes and written documents. Three Primary School teachers of the municipality of Faro took part in this study. The results showed that the majority of the teachers' conceptions in relation to the edified categories were modified after the attendance of the PFEEC. However, others seem to be deeply rooted. These changes that occurred seem to be related to the modification of actions, attitudes and feelings of the teachers who complied with the work methodology defended by the PFEEC, culminating in the modification of their session practices. During the planning and implementation of the activities, the teachers showed some difficulties and constraints. Nevertheless, during the PFEEC, these obstacles were minimized

Effect of exercise training on lymphocyte subpopulations in chemically and hormonally induced prostate cancer: flow cytometry analysis

Introduction: Long-term and regular exercise training is suggested to have an immunomodulatory effect, protecting against several diseases. This work aimed to analyse the effect of exercise training on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in a model of prostate cancer (PCa) chemically and hormonally induced. Methods: Fifty-five male Wistar Unilever rats of 4 weeks of age were randomly divided into four experimental groups as follow: control sedentary group (SED+CONT; n=10), control exercised group (EX+CONT; n=10), induced sedentary group (SED+PCa; n=15) and induced exercised group (EX+PCa; n=20). Prostate lesions were induced through the sequential administration of flutamide (50 mg/kg, TCI Chemicals, USA), testosterone propionate (100 mg/kg, TCI Chemicals, Portland, USA) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (30 mg/kg, Sigma Chemical, Spain), and subcutaneous implantation of tubes filled with crystalline testosterone (Sigma Chemical, Spain). At eight weeks of age, exercised animals started the training in a treadmill (Treadmill Control LE 8710, USA), 5 days/weeks, for 53 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 61 weeks of age through an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (75 mg/kg, Imalgene® 1000, Merial S.A.S., France) and xylazine (10 mg/kg, Rompun® 2%, Bayer Healthcare S.A., Germany), followed by exsanguination by cardiac puncture. Peripheral blood of all animals was collected by intracardiac puncture and transferred into tubes containing EDTA salt as an anticoagulant for flow cytometry analysis. The following conjugated monoclonal antibodies were used: cyCD3-BV421, CD3-FITC, CD25-APC, CD45-BV510, CD127-PE, CD161-FITC, CD4-PE/Cy7, CD45RA-APC/Cy7, OX-82-PE and CD8a-PerCP. The flow cytometry immunophenotyping was performed in a BD FACSCantoTM II cytometer (BD Biosciences, USA) and data were analysed with InfinicytTM, flow cytometry software 1.7 version. The prostate was collected and stained with H&E for histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: A higher level of CD161+NK cells were observed in EX+PCa group when compared with SED+PCa group (p0.05). Conclusion: These results reinforce the beneficial role of exercise in anti-tumour immune response. Additional studies are warranted to better understand these results

Improved tribocorrosion behavior obtained by in-situ precipitation of Ti2C in Ti-Nb alloy

Novel in-situ Ti-based matrix composites (TMCs) were developed through the reactive hot pressing of Ti + NbC powder blends. Due to the chemical reaction that occurred in the solid-state during processing, the produced samples were composed of an Nb-rich β-Ti phase that formed a metallic matrix along with Ti2C as a reinforcing phase. By employing different proportions of Ti:NbC, the phase composition of the alloys was designed to contain different ratios of α-Ti and β-Ti. The present work investigated the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of the composites, compared to unreinforced Ti, in a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at body temperature. Corrosion tests included potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Tribocorrosion tests were carried out using a ball-on-plate tribometer with sliding performed at open circuit potential (OCP) and under anodic potentiostatic conditions. Results showed that the stabilization of the β phase in the matrix led to a decrease in the hardness. However, the formation of the in-situ reinforcing phase significantly improved the tribocorrosion behavior of the composites due to a load-carrying effect, lowering the corrosion tendency and kinetics under sliding. Furthermore, localized corrosion was not observed at the interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix.This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grants #2017/24300-4, #2018/00746-6 and #2019/07953-0. Also, this work was partially supported by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal, under UIDB/04436/2020 project

Potential of mannan or dextrin nanogels as vaccine carrier/adjuvant systems

Polymeric nanogels have been sophisticatedly designed promising a new generation of vaccine delivery/adjuvant systems capable of boosting immune response, a strategic priority in vaccine design. Here, nanogels made of mannan or dextrin were evaluated for their potential as carriers/adjuvants in vaccine formulations. Since lymph nodes are preferential target organs for vaccine delivery systems, nanogels were biotin-labeled, injected in the footpad of rats, and their presence in draining lymph nodes was assessed by immunofluorescence. Nanogels were detected in the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes by 24h upon subcutaneous administration, indicating entrapment in lymphatic organs. Moreover, the model antigen ovalbumin was physically encapsulated within nanogels and physicochemically characterized concerning size, zeta potential, ovalbumin loading, and entrapment efficiency. The immunogenicity of these formulations was assessed in mice intradermally immunized with ovalbuminmannan or ovalbumindextrin by determining ovalbumin-specific antibody serum titers. Intradermal vaccination using ovalbuminmannan elicited a humoral immune response in which ovalbumin-specific IgG1 levels were significantly higher than those obtained with ovalbumin alone, indicating a TH2-type response. In contrast, dextrin nanogel did not show adjuvant potential. Altogether, these results indicate that mannan nanogel is a material that should be explored as a future antigen delivery system.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Portugal, post-doc grant SFRH/BPD/70524/2010 and the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), PhD grant. The authors thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684). The authors also acknowledge the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462)

Effects of physical exercise in biochemical parameters and dorsolateral prostate lesions: data from a rat model of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Physical exercise is widely recognized due to its beneficial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on biochemical parameters and in dorsolateral prostate lesions in a rat model of PCa. Ninety-five male Wistar Unilever rats were randomly divided into eight groups sacrificed at 35 (groups I) or 61 weeks of age (groups II): control sedentary groups (Cont+Sed I (n=10); Cont+Sed II (n=10)); induced sedentary group (PCa+Sed I (n=10); PCa+Sed II (n=15)); control exercised groups (Cont+EX I (n=10); Cont+EX II (n=10)) and induced exercised groups (PCa+EX I (n=10); PCa+EX II (n=20)). All procedures were approved (DGAV, no. 021326). Animals from exercised groups started the exercise program in a treadmill at 8 weeks of age, for 28 weeks or 53 weeks. The animals were trained 5 days/week, 60 min per day. Prostate lesions were induced at 12 weeks of age, with sequential administration of flutamide, testosterone propionate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and subcutaneous implants of crystalline testosterone. Animals were sacrificed at 35 or 61 weeks of age. Peripheral blood of all animals was collected by intracardiac puncture. A complete necropsy was performed. The dorsolateral prostate tissues sections were processed for histological analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS 25. p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Serum levels of albumin and cholesterol were higher in group PCa+Sed I when compared with group PCa+Sed II (p0.05). Dorsolateral prostate lesions were classified as dysplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasive carcinoma. The number of prostate lesions was higher in animals from groups II than in those from groups I, mainly in PCa+Sed II animals when compared with PCa+Sed I (p0.05). Overall, the animals sacrificed at 61 weeks of age developed more dorsolateral prostate lesions than animals sacrificed at 35 weeks of age, which may be related to a longer testosterone exposure

Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in prostate cancer - data from an animal model

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide. The presence of immune cells in human cancer raises a fundamental question in oncology. The interaction between immune system and PCa is an important field for translational research. This work aimed to characterize the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in a PCa animal model. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar Unilever rats (Rattus norvegicus) with twelve weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: Control (n=10) and Induced (n=15). All procedures were approved by the Portuguese Competent Authority (DGAV no. 021326). Prostate lesions were induced through the administration of flutamide (50 mg/kg, TCI Chemicals, USA), testosterone propionate (100 mg/kg, TCI Chemicals, USA) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (30 mg/kg, Sigma Chemical Co., Spain), and crystalline testosterone implants. Animals were humanely sacrificed at 61 weeks of age. Peripheral blood of all animals was collected by intracardiac puncture and transferred into tubes containing EDTA salt as an anticoagulant for flow cytometry analysis. The following conjugated monoclonal antibodies were used: cyCD3-BV421, CD3-FITC, CD25-APC, CD45-BV510, CD127-PE, CD161-FITC, CD4-PE/Cy7, CD45RA-APC/Cy7, OX-82-PE and CD8a-PerCP. The flow cytometry immunophenotyping was performed in a BD FACSCantoTM II cytometer (BD Biosciences, USA) and data were analysed with InfinicytTM, flow cytometry software 1.7 version. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Although differences did not reach the level of statistical significance, the populations of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes were higher in control group when compared with induced group (p>0.05). Similarly, CD8+ lymphocyte population was higher in control group than in induced group (9.56±0.74 vs 6.38±0.32) (p<0.05). Inversely, the population of regulatory T cells (TRegs) (2.99±0.46 vs 4.630±0.35), the TRegs/CD8 ratio (0.35±0.09 vs 0.45±0.08) and the TRegs/Natural Killer ratio (0.52±0.05 vs 1.03±0.13) were higher in induced group when compared with control one (p<0.05). Conclusion: The population of Tregs increased in induced animals, while the population of NK decreased in these animals, which is in accordance with data previously published by other authors reporting the increase of Tregs and decrease of NK cells in animals with cancer. The characterization of these immune system subpopulation can be important for other studies such as preclinical cancer models

Effects of physical exercise in biochemical parameters and dorsolateral prostate lesions: data from a rat model of prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Physical exercise is widely recognized due to its beneficial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on biochemical pa- rameters and in dorsolateral prostate lesions in a rat model of PCa. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five male Wistar Unilever rats were randomly divided into eight groups sacrificed at 35 (groups I) or 61 weeks of age (groups II): control sedentary groups (Cont+Sed I (n = 10); Cont+Sed II (n = 10)); induced sedentary group (PCa+Sed I (n = 10); PCa+Sed II (n = 15)); control exercised groups (Cont+EX I (n = 10); Cont+EX II(n = 10)) and induced exercised groups (PCa+EX I (n = 10); PCa+EX II (n = 20)). All procedures were approved (DGAV, no. 021326). Animals from exercised groups started the exer- cise program in a treadmill at 8 weeks of age, for 28 weeks or 53 weeks. The animals were trained 5 days/week, 60 min per day. Prostate lesions were induced at 12 weeks of age, with sequential administration of flutamide, testosterone propion- ate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and subcutaneous implants of crystalline testosterone. Animals were sacrificed at 35 or 61 weeks of age. Peripheral blood of all animals was col- lected by intracardiac puncture. A complete necropsy was performed. The dorsolateral prostate tissues sections were processed for histological analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS 25. p 0.05). Dorsolateral prostate lesions were classified as dysplasia, prostatic intraep- ithelial neoplasia (PIN) and microinvasive carcinoma. The number of prostate lesions was higher in animals from groups II than in those from groups I, mainly in PCa+Sed II animals when compared with PCa+Sed I (p 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, the animals sacrificed at 61 weeks of age developed more dorsolateral prostate lesions than ani- mals sacrificed at 35 weeks of age, which may be related to a longer testosterone exposure