O Gabinete de Apoio ao Aluno e à Família: potencialidades da mediação socioeducativa e do trabalho em rede para uma intervenção educativa contextualizada

Com a redação deste Relatório conclui-se a parte curricular do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação, no domínio designado por Infância, Família e Sociedade. Neste Relatório descreve-se e analisa-se o estágio curricular realizado no Gabinete de Apoio ao Aluno e à Família (GAAF) inserido no Agrupamento de Escolas de Campo, localizado na Escola Básica e Secundária de Campo. Os/As técnicos/as deste Gabinete atuam em função das problemáticas que surgem no dia a dia do contexto escolar, promovendo uma intervenção com o intuito de apaziguar situações e ajudar os/as alunos/as a resolverem conflitos inter e intra-grupais. Além disso, promove um trabalho em rede com os diversos intervenientes da comunidade educativa (membros internos à escola, entidades parceiras e famílias), realizando uma mediação socioeducativa ao serviço de uma intervenção fundamentada, continuada e orientada para o/a aluno/a e a sua família. O GAAF surge no âmbito do contrato de autonomia, com o fim de contribuir para melhorar os resultados escolares dos/as alunos/as, assim como a qualidade das aprendizagens. Este Gabinete atua face a situações que lhe são sinalizadas, avaliando a natureza da sinalização e planeando a intervenção, continuada ou pontual, e, funciona ainda, como um espaço aberto, de livre acesso, para todos/as aqueles/as que necessitem de o procurar. O estágio curricular incidiu no acompanhamento do trabalho realizado pela Mediadora Socioeducativa do Gabinete de Apoio ao Aluno e à Família, coordenadora do mesmo, com um acompanhamento diário do trabalho realizado com os/as diversos/as intervenientes. Decorreu num período de 7 meses, iniciando-se a 17 de setembro e terminando a 10 de março, período marcado pela influência da pandemia vivida (Covid- 19), sendo uma primeira fase do Estágio, presencial e uma outra, online

Os efeitos da intervenção no reconto e nas narrativas de experiência pessoal em crianças de idade pré-escolar

As competências narrativas emergem desde cedo, e vão sendo adquiridas ao longo do desenvolvimento da criança. No entanto não significa que se desenrolam do mesmo modo em todos as crianças pois crianças com dificuldades na produção narrativa poderão ter necessidade de um ensino específico e estruturado. Sendo a narrativa um aspeto importante da linguagem, é fundamental agir o mais cedo possível para prevenir futuros problemas, tanto no percurso académico como social. Tendo por base as questões em torno da produção narrativa, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender a influência da intervenção narrativa no reconto e nas narrativas de experiência pessoal em oito crianças do pré-escolar (5/6 anos), estando um dos participantes diagnosticado com uma condição do espetro do autismo. Ao longo do estudo, todos os participantes foram sendo avaliados pela escala Narrative Language Measures durante 10 sessões e quanto à intervenção narrativa denominada Campeões de histórias consistiu em 21 sessões com duração média de 25 minutos. Neste estudo recorremos ao delineamento experimental de linha de base múltipla, o que nos permitiu analisar o desempenho de cada participante ao longo do tempo. Os resultados revelaram que através da intervenção narrativa houve um aumento na cotação dos testes da escala em todos os participantes, inclusive na criança com condição do espetro autista, e que esses se mantiveram sempre acima dos níveis basais após um período de duas semanas sem intervenção. Deste modo, podemos concluir que a intervenção narrativa produziu efeitos relevantes quer no reconto, quer nas narrativas de experiência pessoal dos participantes e que se apresenta como uma intervenção económica, rápida e eficaz.The narrative competences arise very earlier, and keep being acquired during the child s development; however, they don t develop in the same way in every child. Children with experience hardships in the production of the narrative may need specific and structured teaching. Since the narrative is an important aspect of language, it s vital to act as early as possible to prevent future problems both in the academic and social paths. Based on the issues of narrative, the present study aims to verify the influence of narrative intervention in regards to the recount and narrative of personal experiences of eight preschool pupils, aged 5 and 6 took part; one of them is diagnosed the Autism Spectre Disorders. For data gathering, all pupils were evaluated in the scale Narrative Language Measures in ten sessions. As for the narrative intervention named Story Champs, it consisted of 21 sessions with an average duration of 25 minutes. For this study we used an experimental design of multiple baseline, allowing us to analyze the performance of each participant over time. The results revealed that both in rettel as in personal experience narrative there was a significant increase in the test valuation of all pupils, and they always kept above the basic level after a period of two week without intervention. This way, we may conclude that the narrative intervention produced relevant effects in the rettel and personal experience narrative of all students. We noticed also the intervention appears as an economical, quick (21 sessions of 25 minutes each) and efficient

Effects of green tea in urinary bladder cancer: data from a mouse model

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world, associated with several risk factors [1-2]. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) is a carcinogen able to induce preneoplastic and neoplastic urothelial lesions development in rodents [3]. Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated [4]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder cancer in male and female mice. The experiment followed the European (Directive 2010/63/EU) legislation. Forty-one ICR mice of five weeks of age (21 males and 20 females) were used. Animals from each gender were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: Males - group I (BBN+GT) (n=8); group II (BBN) (n=7); group III (GT) (n=6); Females - group IV (BBN+GT) (n=7); group V (BBN) (n=7); group VI (GT) (n=6). BBN was administered to animals from groups I, II, IV and V by gavage, at a dose of 7.25 mg/mouse, 2 times/week, during 10 consecutive weeks. The whole GT (0.5%) was daily prepared and given ad libitum to groups I, III, IV and VI for 20 consecutive weeks. Animals were sacrificed and a complete necropsy was performed. A histological analysis of the urinary bladder was performed. Data was analyzed with ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Animals from groups not exposed to BBN (III and VI) did not develop any urothelial lesion. Animals from groups BBN+GT (I and IV) and BBN (II and V) developed only preneoplastic lesions. The number of inflammatory aggregates was lower in animals exposed to BBN that drank GT (I and IV), when compared with those only exposed to BBN (II and V). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups BBN (II and V) and groups GT (III and VI) (p<0.05) (Table 1). The administration of GT infusion had no effect on urinary bladder cancer development, but reduced urothelial inflammation

Effects of green tea in urinary bladder cancer: data from a mouse model

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world, associated with several risk factors [1-2]. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) is a carcinogen able to induce preneoplastic and neoplastic urothelial lesions development in rodents [3]. Green tea (GT) is one of the most popular beverages whose beneficial effects on health have been demonstrated [4]. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whole GT on urinary bladder cancer in male and female mice. The experiment followed the European (Directive 2010/63/EU) legislation. Forty-one ICR mice of five weeks of age (21 males and 20 females) were used. Animals from each gender were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: Males - group I (BBN+GT) (n=8); group II (BBN) (n=7); group III (GT) (n=6); Females - group IV (BBN+GT) (n=7); group V (BBN) (n=7); group VI (GT) (n=6). BBN was administered to animals from groups I, II, IV and V by gavage, at a dose of 7.25 mg/mouse, 2 times/week, during 10 consecutive weeks. The whole GT (0.5%) was daily prepared and given ad libitum to groups I, III, IV and VI for 20 consecutive weeks. Animals were sacrificed and a complete necropsy was performed. A histological analysis of the urinary bladder was performed. Data was analyzed with ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant for p<0.05. Animals from groups not exposed to BBN (III and VI) did not develop any urothelial lesion. Animals from groups BBN+GT (I and IV) and BBN (II and V) developed only preneoplastic lesions. The number of inflammatory aggregates was lower in animals exposed to BBN that drank GT (I and IV), when compared with those only exposed to BBN (II and V). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups BBN (II and V) and groups GT (III and VI) (p<0.05) (Table 1). The administration of GT infusion had no effect on urinary bladder cancer development, but reduced urothelial inflammation

Development and validation of a health and work survey based on the rasch model among portuguese Workers

The purpose of this study was to develop the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) and examine the validity of the discomfort rating scale. Data were collected from 706 Portuguese workers from six economic sectors with the support of the Health and Work Survey (INSAT - Inquérito Saúde e Trabalho). The INSAT is a self-administered questionnaire to assessing working conditions, health and wellbeing, and to provide information to the occupational health systems in the organisations. For the survey instrument validation, the Rasch Partial Credit Model (PCM) was used to analyse item fit statistics. From the application of PCM, Person Separation Reliability was obtained (0.8761) and the value can be considered very good (>0.8). From the statistical analysis, the Overall Model fit information, given by Outfit Mean square/Infit Mean square, is between 0.5 and 1.5, meaning "Productive for measurement" and "acceptable fit overall". The INSAT items can generate predictable response patterns. We recommend that the INSAT discomfort rating scale and some other items should be reviewed in future works. In any event, this tool proves to be useful in assessing the relationship between work and health and in evaluating key main risk factors, helping to prevent problems and improving occupational health systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recognition of pain and distress in a rat model of mammary cancer

Aims: Mice and rats are the most frequently used animals in experimental protocols performed in the European Union. They have several advantages when compared with other animals, such as their small size, and well-known anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetic. This work aimed to define the most adequate humane endpoints to recognize the pain in a rat model of mammary cancer chemically-induced. Material and Methods: Twelve female Sprague-Dawley rat of four weeks of age were obtained from Harlan Interfauna and randomly divided into two groups: MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) (n=10) and control (n=2). Animals from group MNU received an intraperitoneal injection of the carcinogenic agent MNU, at a dose of 50 mg/Kg. Animals from control group received only the vehicle (saline solution). A list of biological parameters to be evaluated during the experiment was elaborated prior to the study, including: body condition, body weight, food and water intake, posture, coat and grooming, mucosal, eyes, ears and whiskers, mental status, response to external stimuli, hydration status, respiratory rate, heart rate and body temperature. A score from 0 to 3 was attributed for each parameter. Severe alteration in some of these parameters, such as weight loss >20%, severe anemia, moribund or comatous mental status, development of mammary tumors that interfere with animal bodily functions (eat or drink), tumors in contact with cage floor or tumor burden > 10% of the animal body weight (>35 mm in a 250 g rat) were considered indicators of animal sacrifice. The animals were observed twice a day by the same researchers, for 18 weeks. Results: Six out 10 animals (60%) MNU-exposed developed a total of 21 mammary tumors (3.5 tumors/animal). Moderate anemic mucosal (score 2) were observed in one animal from group MNU at the 11th, 12th and 16th week of the experiment. No interference of mammary tumors with animals’ bodily functions or alterations in mammary tumor surface that implied animal sacrifice was observed. At the end of the study, five animals (83.3%) developed at least one mammary tumor > 35 mm. Conclusions: We concluded that the alteration in only tumor dimensions does not imply the animals’ sacrifice. The endpoints should be evaluated together, in order to define the most adequate time for humane animals’ sacrifice

Investment in noise reduction : a good option in Portugal?

In Portugal like in the majority of European countries, a significant part of the population is exposed to excessive traffic noise levels which are downgrading their quality of life. Considering the relevance of this topic associated with a constant growth in road traffic volume and congestion, it was recognized the importance of the economical valuation of these severe noise levels. This paper aims to present some results of the ongoing investigation concerning this issue and to contribute to the body of knowledge and methodology in this field. There are several innovative aspects on this research. There have been very few studies simultaneously concerned with monetary valuation of noise externalities, real estate income and infra-structure costs. In this analysis was evaluated the significance of investment in noise mitigation measures (increase in the infra-structure cost due to the constructions of noise alleviation measures - on the source and on noise path) regarding the reduction of noise externalities (associated to social, real estate and health related costs) and the minimization of real estate income loss (allied to the inability for construction of available building properties based on excessive noise and the consequent reduction on its patrimonial value).This investigation was conducted over two municipalities representative of the majority of Portuguese cities in accordance with their spatial characteristics as well as territorial development, finances, population, building and road density. It is an important input for the selection, implementation and financing of future Noise Action Plans and Municipal Noise Reduction Plans

Rat prostate: practical tips for ultrasonographic monitoring

Background: Prostate is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive tract. The prostate of men over 40 years-old is frequently affected by several pathologies, like benign prostate hyperplasia and cancer. Rats have been used as model to study prostate cancer. This study intended to address the usefulness of ultrasonography for rat prostate monitoring. Material and methods: Eight male Wistar Unilever rats were acquired from Charles River Laboratories and maintained under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, air system filtration and light/dark cycle. The prostate was evaluated by ultrasonography in awake animals. The animals were restrained by a researcher and placed in supine position. The skin of the inguinal region was shaved using a machine clipper (AESCULAP® GT420 Isis, USA). A real-time scanner (Logic P6®, GE, USA) and a 12 MHz linear transducer were used. Acoustic gel (Parker Laboratories Inc., USA) was applied. A complete transverse scan using B mode was performed from the cranial to the caudal region of the prostate, and a sagittal scan was performed moving the probe from the right to the left side. Procedures were approved by the Portuguese Ethics Committee (no.021326). Results: Prostate was easily evaluated by ultrasonography in all animals. In the transverse scan, the urinary bladder presents as a round to oval shape filled with urine (anechoic structure) and the prostate lobes were visible around it. The ventral prostate lobes appear as hypoechoic elongated structures (one right and one left) with a hyperechoic capsule, placed ventrally to the urinary bladder. In this scan, the dorsal prostate was observed close to the urinary bladder neck, as a round hypoechoic structure with a hyperechoic capsule, dorsally to the urinary bladder. In the sagittal scan, the urinary bladder was observed as an elongated structure filled with urine (anechoic content). The ventral prostate lobes were occasionally observed ventrally to the neck of the urinary bladder, as previously described. The dorsal prostate was observed dorsally to the neck of the urinary bladder, presenting as a round to elongated shape, with a hypoechoic appearance and a hyperechoic capsule. Conclusions: The ultrasonography is a non-invasive and accessible tool for prostate monitoring in the rat model

O psicanalista na clínica com bebês hospitalizados

A prática clínica com bebês hospitalizados despertou no analista o interesse pela constituição psíquica e pelas dimensões do enigma infantil. O psicanalista no hospital acolhe o encontro mãe e bebê como “resto” que escapa aos cuidados médicos, para escutar e intervir no que incide de singular nessa relação primordial e fundamental. A contingência da malformação congênita foi considerada, porém não como uma sentença definitiva que anulasse o desejo do bebê e de sua mãe. O incognoscível, esse ponto que escapa à medicina, constata a ligação ativa do corpo e do psiquismo de um ser humano em constituição.La práctica clínica con bebés ha despertado el interés del analista por la constitución psíquica y por las dimensiones del enigma infantil. El psicoanalista en el hospital acoge el encuentro entre madre y bebé cómo un “resto” que escapa a los cuidados médicos, para escuchar e intervenir en aquello que incide de singular en esa relación primordial y fundamental. La contingencia de la malformación congénita fue considerada, pero no cómo una sentencia final que anularía el deseo de la madre y del bebé. El incognoscible, el punto que escapa a la ciencia médica, constata el lazo activo entre cuerpo y psiquismo en la constitución del ser humano.The clinical practice with hospitalized infants sparks the analyst’s interest for their mental constitution and for the dimensions of the enigma of childhood. The hospital’s psychoanalyst shelters the encounter between mother and baby as a “rest” that escapes medical care, listening to and intervening in that which involves the singular in this primordial and fundamental relation. The contingency of congenital malformation was considered, although not as a final sentence that would nullify the infant’s and his/her mother’s desire. The unknowable, this point that escapes medical science, acknowledges the active bond between body and mind in the human being’s constitution

Immunology and mammary cancer development: addressing the role of mast cells

Background: Mammary cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Mast cells are among the cells of tumor microenvironment and have been associated with increased angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Despite this, the role of mast cells on mammary cancer is not fully elucidated. In this way, this work studied the role of mast cells in a rat model of mammary cancer chemically-induced. Material and methods: All experiments were performed in accordance with the Portuguese and European legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The experiments were approved by the Portuguese (no.008961) and University (CE_12-2013) Ethics Committees. Thirty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. At seven weeks of age, mammary tumors’ development was induced in animals from groups I, II, III (n=10+10+10) by a single intraperitoneal injection of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Groups II and IV (n=2) were treated with ketotifen in drinking water (1 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week) immediately after the MNU administration for 18 weeks, while the group III received the ketotifen after the development of the first mammary tumor. Groups I and V (n=2) received only water. Animals were sacrificed at 25 weeks of age by an overdose of ketamine and xylazine, followed by an exsanguination by cardiac puncture. Mammary tumors were collected and immersed in formalin for posterior analysis. Tumors’ vascularization, proliferation and apoptosis were also assessed by immunohistochemistry (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A, Ki-67, and caspases-3 and -9). Results: Animals from groups IV and V did not develop any mammary tumor. Twenty-one animals (six animals from group I, eight animals from group II and seven animals from group III) developed a total of 58 mammary tumors, mainly classified as papillary non-invasive carcinomas. Tumors’ vascularization was similar among groups (p>0.05). Mammary tumors from group II exhibited the lowest proliferation (p<0.05) and apoptotic indexes. Conclusions: The mainly positive effect of the ketotifen administration seems to be the reduction of tumor proliferation when the drug was administered before mammary tumor development