„A World without Famine“? Internationale Ernährungspolitik im Zeitalter der Weltkriege

„A World without Famine?” International Food Politics in the era of the World Wars This paper analyzes the emergence and trajectories of global food policies from the late 9th century to the post-Word War II era. For a long time, scholarship has focused on the question how domestic governments and nationalist movements have responded to the challenges of globalizing food markets through protectionist policy agendas. It has been argued that ‘first’ globalization came to end with the World War I. This paper takes a different view. It argues that since the early 20th century, the provision, distribution and consumption of food became a mayor problem of international politics. This process was accelerated by the First World War which dramatically revealed the global interdependence of food markets. At the same, a new notion of food policies emerged, embracing problems of nutrition, demographics and economic development on a global scale. The discussions and experiences of the two Word Wars had a deep impact on international food and development policies after 1945

Risk Management, Expectations and Global Finance: The Case of Deutsche Bank 1970-1990

What impact do past experiences have on the expectation formation of banks? This article analyses the risk management of Germany’s largest bank during the 1970 and 1980s. In this period, financial deregulation and globalization increased the likelihood of credit defaults and forced banks to implement new strategies of risk assessment. The Herstatt failure of 1974 triggered a series of new regulations, partly based on initiatives of the banks themselves. After the sovereign debt crisis of the 1980s, banks introduced a comprehensive strategy of country-risk assessment. They systematically professionalized their information resources and integrated risk and liability management. Economic forecasting was often based on historical data used for the classification and diversification of risks. However, learning from past experiences had limitations, as recent events were often overrated. This had the effect that the banks’ country risk assessment focused mainly on developing countries while the industrial world was not included in the schemes. This might explain why many banks have continually underestimated the financial risks present in developed countries since the 1990s

«Revolving Doors» – Manager in Politics and Politicians in Business. An Introduction

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers (De Gruyter) frei zugänglich.Peer Reviewe

Risk Management, Expectations and Global Finance

What impact do past experiences have on the expectation formation of banks? This article analyses the risk management of Germany’s largest bank during the 1970 and 1980s. In this period, financial deregulation and globalization increased the likelihood of credit defaults and forced banks to implement new strategies of risk assessment. The Herstatt failure of 1974 triggered a series of new regulations, partly based on initiatives of the banks themselves. After the sovereign debt crisis of the 1980s, banks introduced a comprehensive strategy of country-risk assessment. They systematically professionalized their information resources and integrated risk and liability management. Economic forecasting was often based on historical data used for the classification and diversification of risks. However, learning from past experiences had limitations, as recent events were often overrated. This had the effect that the banks’ country risk assessment focused mainly on developing countries while the industrial world was not included in the schemes. This might explain why many banks have continually underestimated the financial risks present in developed countries since the 1990s

Landarbeiter und Bauern im faschistischen Italien

This is the contribution "Landarbeiter und Bauern im faschistischen Italien" of MTS 21 (1998)