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Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emissions of Fluorinated Gases from a California Landfill
Emissions of twelve (hydro)Âchlorofluorocarbons
(F-gases) and methane
were quantified using large-scale static chambers as a function of
cover type (daily, intermediate, final) and seasonal variation (wet,
dry) at a California landfill. The majority of the F-gas fluxes was
positive and varied over 7 orders of magnitude across the cover types
in a given season (wet: 10<sup>–8</sup> to 10<sup>–1</sup> g/m<sup>2</sup>-day; dry: 10<sup>–9</sup> to 10<sup>–2</sup> g/m<sup>2</sup>-day). The highest fluxes were from active filling
areas with thin, coarse-grained daily covers, whereas the lowest fluxes
were from the thick, fine-grained final cover. Historical F-gas replacement
trends, waste age, and cover soil geotechnical properties affected
flux with significantly lower F-gas fluxes than methane flux (10<sup>–4</sup> to 10<sup>+1</sup> g/m<sup>2</sup>-day). Both flux
and variability of flux decreased with the order: daily to intermediate
to final covers; coarser to finer cover materials; low to high fines
content cover soils; high to low degree of saturation cover soils;
and thin to thick covers. Cover-specific F-gas fluxes were approximately
one order of magnitude higher in the wet than dry season, due to combined
effects of comparatively high saturations, high void ratios, and low
temperatures. Emissions were primarily controlled by type and relative
areal extent of cover materials and secondarily by season