3 research outputs found
Envelhecimento (in)ativo e desenvolvimento emocional em reclusos
Este projeto pretende apresentar o contributo do programa de Exercício Físico e do Desenvolvimento Emocional nos reclusos. Para isso optamos por desenvolver um estudo de carácter Quantitativo, Exploratório, Quasi - Experimental, Longitudinal e Descritivo. A amostra é constituída por 20 reclusos do Estabelecimento Prisional de Izeda, com idade média de 41,10±10,19 anos, distribuída entre os 24 e os 67 anos. Dos 20 reclusos, 9 foram designados para integrarem o Grupo de Investigação e os restantes o Grupo de Controlo. A seleção foi feita de forma aleatória. O Grupo de Investigação foi submetido a um programa de atividades de duas a três sessões semanais, durante 8 semanas, tendo cada sessão a duração de 1:15 Horas. Foi aplicada a escala EVCE e o questionário SF-36v2, com a complementaridade das avaliações do estado funcional dos reclusos. As características psicométrica obtidas na escala EVCE e no questionário SF-36v2 permitem-nos verificar que neste estudo se obtem uma boa consistência interna. Após a realização das sessões de intervenção, verificamos que não houve alterações estatisticamente significativas entre os parâmetros do Grupo de Controlo e o Grupo de Investigação. Desta forma, podemos concluir que o programa de intervenção teria melhores resultados se tivesse uma duração maior ao longo do tempo.This project aims to present the contribution of an Exercise Program and of an Emotional Development Program in prison. For this study we chose to develop a Quantitative Explorational, Quasi - Experimental, Descriptive and Longitudinal. The sample consists of 20 inmates of the Izeda Prison, with a mean age of 41.10± 10.19 years, distributed between 24 and 67 years. Of the 20 inmates, nine were appointed to serve on the Research Group and the remaining To the Control Group. The selection was done randomly. The Research Group has undergone program of activities two to three times per week for 8 weeks, with each session lasting 1h15m. EVCE scale and SF-36v2 were applied, the functional status of the inmates was assessed. The psychometric characteristics obtained in EVCE scale and SF-36v2 allow us to verify that this study gives a good internal consistency. After completion of intervention sessions, we found that there were no statistically significant changes between the parameters of the Control Group and Research Group. Thus, we can conclude that the intervention program would have better results if it had a longer duration over tim
Hierarchical Assembly of Star Polymer Polymersomes into Responsive Multicompartmental Microcapsules
We report a novel approach to realizing
programmable encapsulation
and following release of different compounds in a sequential way from
multicompartmental microcapsules assembled from preformed polymersomes.
The polymersomes, or polymeric vesicles, are formed through electrostatic
interactions between a cationic miktoarm star polymer, namely poly(ethylene
oxide)<sub>113</sub>-(quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)<sub>60</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, and a linear anionic polyelectrolyte, (poly(styrenesulfonate)<sub>20</sub>), and then used as the main component to fabricate microcapsules
with tannic acid via hydrogen-bonded layer-by-layer assembly. The
hydrogen bonding between tannic acid and polymersomes is sensitive
to external pH, and the structure of the polymersomes strongly depends
on the ionic strength of the surrounding media. This combination facilitates
dual-responsive behavior of these multicompartmental polymersome-based
microcapsules with the programmable release of two different types
of encapsulated molecules (anionic and cationic molecules) from core
and shell regions of the microcapsules independently. The integration
of responsive nanocarriers into functional microcapsules provides
a new way to fabricate multiresponsive hierarchical microstructures
with programmed sequential release of different molecules
Toward Copolymers with Ideal Thermosensitivity: Solution Properties of Linear, Well-Defined Polymers of <i>N</i>‑Isopropyl Acrylamide and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‑Diethyl Acrylamide
Statistical copolymers of <i>N</i>-isopropyl
acrylamide
(NIPAM) and <i>N,N</i>-diethyl acrylamide (DEAAM) show a
pronounced synergistic depression in their cloud points, though both
homopolymers phase separate at significantly higher temperatures close
to 30 °C (e.g., <i>Polymer</i> <b>2009</b>, <i>50</i>, 519). While phase separation occurs at 20 °C for
the statistical copolymers, the influence of the monomeric sequential
arrangement along the backbone was not addressed so far. Thus, we
report on the thermosensitive properties of a diblock copolymer PDEAAM-<i>b</i>-PNIPAM and compare it to the homopolymers, mixtures thereof,
and to the statistical copolymer of the same molecular weight. These
polymers were prepared by controlled radical polymerization, namely
Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT). Their
solution behavior was mainly studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR)
of the amide I′ band and by turbidimetry. IR spectroscopy sees
a decreasing hydration with heating even below the cloud point for
all polymers. This results finally in phase separation, which induces
further spectral changes. Rather unexpectedly, the diblock copolymer
shows phase separation at temperatures close to the homopolymers,
well above the cloud points of the homopolymer mixtures. In turn,
the transition temperature of the homopolymer mixture is reduced compared
to its homopolymers, which indicates intermolecular attraction between
both partners. This behavior can be explained by taking the block
length dependencies of the respective cloud points into account and
assuming a rather independent phase behavior of each short block (within
the copolymer). Then, the increased inherent cloud point of each “half-length”
block (compared to the homopolymers) has a stronger effect than the
aggregating tendency inherited by the connectivity of the comonomer
units. As a result, IR spectroscopy reveals almost ideal behavior
of the diblock copolymer, which can be comprehended as an ideal mixture
of the homopolymers, each one contributing to the overall signal by
its concentration. Finally, <sup>1</sup>H NMR suggests that intermediate
aggregation (as seen by light scattering) is not induced by segregation
of just one block, but rather by partial and weak complexation between
the two components within the diblock copolymer