Experimental research of neutron yield and spectrum from deuterium gas-puff z-pinch on the GIT-12 generator at current above 2 MA

The Z-pinch experiments with deuterium gas-puff surrounded by an outer plasma shell were carried out on the GIT-12 generator (Tomsk, Russia) at currents of 2 MA. The plasma shell consisting of hydrogen and carbon ions was formed by 48 plasma guns. The deuterium gas-puff was created by a fast electromagnetic valve. This configuration provides an efficient mode of the neutron production in DD reaction, and the neutron yield reaches a value above 1012 neutrons per shot. Neutron diagnostics included scintillation TOF detectors for determination of the neutron energy spectrum, bubble detectors BD-PND, a silver activation detector, and several activation samples for determination of the neutron yield analysed by a Sodium Iodide (NaI) and a high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Using this neutron diagnostic complex, we measured the total neutron yield and amount of high-energy neutrons

In Silico Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Neuroprotective Potential of ²⁵Mg²⁺: Releasing Nanocationites - Background and Perspectives

Sharp blood circulation disorders are known for their capability to promote such abundant and hardly treatable pathologies as myocardium infarction and the ischemic brain stroke (“insult”). Noteworthy, the stroke — related brain tissue metabolic damages involve an essential ATP deplete clash along with a suppression of brain specific nucleotide — associated kinases and ATP synthase, both Mg2+ — dependent complex enzyme “machineries”. This itself makes the latter’s a legitimate target for some advanced pharmaceuticals as long as the drug — induced overstimulation of corresponding enzymatic activity is the case. Thus, magnetic isotope effects (MIE) of the nuclear spin possessing paramagnetic 25Mg2+ ions might modulate the brain creatine kinase, alfa-glycerophosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase catalytic activities in a way of a remarkable ATP hyperproduction required to compensate the hypoxia caused acute metabolic breakdown. To realize the Magnesium-25 pharmacological potential, a low-toxic amphiphilic cationite nanoparticles were introduced lately. Particularly, the Magnesium — releasing porphyrin-fullerene nanoadduct (cyclohexyl-C60-porphyrin, PMC16) has been proposed to meet expectations dealing with a targeted delivery of 25Mg2+ towards the brain ischemia surrounding areas. In order to optimize a multi-step [25Mg2+]4PMC16 preclinical trial scenario, the In Silico algorithms are to be developed and analyzed. In this study, these algorithms are in a focus with a special emphasize on a novel combination of slightly modified Gompertzian equation systems and a non-Markov population dynamics concept. This In Silico approach takes into account some literature-available patterns of brain hypoxia pathogenesis, the resulted simulation model could be considered as a promising tool for further research on experimental nanopharmacology of the ischemic stroke

Anti-cancer activity of ultra-short single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides

Summary One of the features that differentiate cancer cells is their increased proliferation rate, which creates an opportunity for general anti-tumor therapy directed against the elevated activity of replicative apparatus in tumor cells. Besides DNA synthesis, successful genome replication requires the reparation of the newly synthesized DNA. Malfunctions in reparation can cause fatal injuries in the genome and cell death. Recently we have found that the ultra-short single-stranded deoxyribose polynucleotides of random sequence (ssDNA) effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of DNA polymerase $$\beta$$ β . This effect allowed considering these substances as potential anti-tumor drugs, which was confirmed experimentally both in vitro (using cancer cell cultures) and in vivo (using cancer models in mice). According to the obtained results, ssDNA significantly suppresses cancer development and tumor growth, allowing consideration of them as novel candidates for anti-cancer drugs

Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Assesment of Myocardial Ischemic Injury

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования возможности применения лазерно-флуоресцентного анализа миокарда для оценки повреждения, индуцированного ишемией в условиях кардиохирургического вмешательства. Доказано, что метод оптической биопсии с использованием азотного лазера (337 нм) позволяет регистрировать метаболические изменения в миокарде, проявляющиеся нарушением уровня пиридиновых нуклеотидов, изменением функции гемопротеидов, активности НАД(Ф)Н-утилизирующих процессов и развитием контрактуры и гибели кардиомиоцитов.Data of experimental assessment of a possibility to use laser-fluorescent analysis of myocardium for detecting alterations caused by ischemia under the conditions of cardiac surgery are presented. It is confirmed that the method of optical biopsy with Nitrogen laser (337 nm) allows registering metabolic changes in myocardium associated with alterations in pyridine nucleotides concentrations, dysfunction of hemoproteids, changes in the activity of NAD(P)H-utilizing enzymes, and development of contraction and death of cardiomyocytes

Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Assesment of Myocardial Ischemic Injury

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования возможности применения лазерно-флуоресцентного анализа миокарда для оценки повреждения, индуцированного ишемией в условиях кардиохирургического вмешательства. Доказано, что метод оптической биопсии с использованием азотного лазера (337 нм) позволяет регистрировать метаболические изменения в миокарде, проявляющиеся нарушением уровня пиридиновых нуклеотидов, изменением функции гемопротеидов, активности НАД(Ф)Н-утилизирующих процессов и развитием контрактуры и гибели кардиомиоцитов.Data of experimental assessment of a possibility to use laser-fluorescent analysis of myocardium for detecting alterations caused by ischemia under the conditions of cardiac surgery are presented. It is confirmed that the method of optical biopsy with Nitrogen laser (337 nm) allows registering metabolic changes in myocardium associated with alterations in pyridine nucleotides concentrations, dysfunction of hemoproteids, changes in the activity of NAD(P)H-utilizing enzymes, and development of contraction and death of cardiomyocytes

Genotyping, Assessment of Virulence and Antibacterial Resistance of the Rostov Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Attributed to the Central Asia Outbreak Clade

The Central Asia Outbreak (CAO) clade is a growing public health problem for Central Asian countries. Members of the clade belong to the narrow branch of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype and are characterized by multidrug resistance and increased transmissibility. The Rostov strain of M. tuberculosis isolated in Russia and attributed to the CAO clade based on PCR-assay and whole genome sequencing and the laboratory strain H37Rv were selected to evaluate the virulence on C57Bl/6 mice models by intravenous injection. All mice infected with the Rostov strain succumbed to death within a 48-day period, while more than half of the mice infected by the H37Rv strain survived within a 90-day period. Mice weight analysis revealed irreversible and severe depletion of animals infected with the Rostov strain compared to H37Rv. The histological investigation of lung and liver tissues of mice on the 30th day after injection of mycobacterial bacilli showed that the pattern of pathological changes generated by two strains were different. Moreover, bacterial load in the liver and lungs was higher for the Rostov strain infection. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the drug-resistant Rostov strain exhibits a highly virulent phenotype which can be partly explained by the CAO-specific mutations