38 research outputs found
Stable one-dimensional periodic waves in Kerr-type saturable and quadratic nonlinear media
We review the latest progress and properties of the families of bright and
dark one-dimensional periodic waves propagating in saturable Kerr-type and
quadratic nonlinear media. We show how saturation of the nonlinear response
results in appearance of stability (instability) bands in focusing (defocusing)
medium, which is in sharp contrast with the properties of periodic waves in
Kerr media. One of the key results discovered is the stabilization of
multicolor periodic waves in quadratic media. In particular, dark-type waves
are shown to be metastable, while bright-type waves are completely stable in a
broad range of energy flows and material parameters. This yields the first
known example of completely stable periodic wave patterns propagating in
conservative uniform media supporting bright solitons. Such results open the
way to the experimental observation of the corresponding self-sustained
periodic wave patterns.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figure
Band-gap solitons in nonlinear optically-induced lattices
We introduce novel optical solitons that consist of a periodic and a
spatially localized components coupled nonlinearly via cross-phase modulation.
The spatially localized optical field can be treated as a gap soliton supported
by the optically-induced nonlinear grating. We find different types of these
band-gap composite solitons and demonstrate their dynamical stability.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Collapse of Incoherent Light Beams in Inertial Bulk Kerr Media
We use the coherent density function theory to show that partially coherent beams are unstable and
may collapse in inertial bulk Kerr media. The threshold power for collapse, and its dependence on
the degree of coherence, is found analytically and checked numerically. The internal dynamics of the
walk-off modes is illustrated for collapsing and diffracting partially coherent beams
Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ in vitro Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their efficacy significantly varies between patients. The aim of the study was to establish approaches to reveal steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant patients with COPD using the blood and lung cells. Methods. Forty five patients with COPD undergoing bronchoscopy were recruited for the study of cytokine secretion by alveolar macrophages under the influence of glucocorticoids. Alveolar macrophages isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and different concentrations of dexamethasone (0.01 β 1000 nM) for 24 h. Then, supernatants were removed and analyzed for concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor Ξ± (TNF-Ξ±). Binding of the glucocorticoid with its receptors was investigated in 24 patients with COPD, 20 healthy smokers and 20 healthy non-smokers. Blood cells were cultured with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dexamethasone and monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of lymphocyte and monocyte populations. Fluorescence intensity of FITC-labelled dexamethasone was analyzed in blood cells using flow cytometry. Results. Dexamethasone significantly inhibited IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-Ξ± production in alveolar macrophages in a dose dependent manner. The maximal inhibition of cytokine production was observed at dexamethasone concentration of 100 nM, and the maximal cell response variability was found at 10 nM. IL-8 was less sensitive to the corticosteroid compared to IL-6 and TNF-Ξ±. Dexamethasone at any concentration failed to reach >50% inhibition of LPS-induced production of IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-Ξ± in alveolar macrophages of 40.0%; 11.1% and 8.9% of COPD patients, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-labelled dexamethasone in blood lymphocytes and monocytes was lower in smokers with COPD compared to healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers. The binding of dexamethasone with its receptors in the blood cells was higher in healthy non-smokers compared to healthy smokers. Conclusion. In vitro response of alveolar macrophages to glucocorticoids in COPD patients is characterized by significant inter-individual variability. The weak corticosteroid-related inhibition of IL-8 production can contribute to neutrophilic inflammation in COPD. The capacity of glucocorticoid receptors to bind with their ligands in blood lymphocytes and monocytes is decreased in COPD patients.ΠΠ½Π³Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ (ΠΈΠΠΠ‘) ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π₯ΠΠΠ), ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (n = 45), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° (0,01β1Β 000 Π½Π). ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 1 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ, Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° (IL)-6, IL-8 ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-Ξ± (TNF-Ξ±). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ (n = 24), Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (n = 20) ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (n = 20). ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ (FITC) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ FITC-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ IL-6, IL-8 ΠΈ TNF-Ξ± ΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° 100 Π½Π, Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ β ΠΏΡΠΈ 10 Π½Π. IL-8 Π±ΡΠ» ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊ ΠΈΠΠΠ‘, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ IL-6 ΠΈ TNF-Ξ±. ΠΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 50 % ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ IL-8 Π² ΠΠ Ρ 40 % ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ, IL-6 β Ρ 11,1 %, TNF-Ξ± β Ρ 8,9 %. Π£ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ FITC-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
. Π‘Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π₯ΠΠΠ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ in vitro ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ‘. ΠΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° IL-8 ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π₯ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and NBN Founder Variant c.657_661del5
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. The majority of NBS patients are identified with a homozygous five base pair deletion in the Nibrin (NBN) gene (c.657_661del5, p.K219fsX19) with a founder effect observed in Caucasian European populations, especially of Slavic origin. We present here an analysis of a cohort of 136 NBS patients of Eastern Slav origin across Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and Latvia with a focus on understanding the geographic distribution, incidence of malignancy, and treatment outcomes of this cohort. Our analysis shows that Belarus had the highest prevalence of NBS (2.3 per 1,000,000), followed by Ukraine (1.3 per 1,000,000), and Russia (0.7 per 1,000,000). Of note, the highest concentration of NBS cases was observed in the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine, where NBS prevalence exceeds 20 cases per 1,000,000 people, suggesting the presence of an βEastern Slavic NBS hot spot.β The median age at diagnosis of this cohort ranged from 4 to 5 years, and delay in diagnosis was more pervasive in smaller cities and rural regions. A total of 62 (45%) patients developed malignancies, more commonly in males than females (55.2 vs. 34.2%; p=0.017). In 27 patients, NBS was diagnosed following the onset of malignancies (mean age: 8 years). Malignancies were mostly of lymphoid origin and predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n=42, 68%); 38% of patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The 20-year overall survival rate of patients with malignancy was 24%. However, females with cancer experienced poorer event-free survival rates than males (16.6% vs. 46.8%, p=0.036). Of 136 NBS patients, 13 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an overall survival of 3.5 years following treatment (range: 1 to 14 years). Indications for HSCT included malignancy (n=7) and immunodeficiency (n=6). Overall, 9% of patients in this cohort reached adulthood. Adult survivors reported diminished quality of life with significant physical and cognitive impairments. Our study highlights the need to improve timely diagnosis and clinical management of NBS among Eastern Slavs. Genetic counseling and screening should be offered to individuals with a family history of NBS, especially in hot spot regions. Β© Copyright Β© 2021 Sharapova, Pashchenko, Bondarenko, Vakhlyarskaya, Prokofjeva, Fedorova, Savchak, Mareika, Valiev, Popa, Tuzankina, Vlasova, Sakovich, Polyakova, Rumiantseva, Naumchik, Kulyova, Aleshkevich, Golovataya, Minakovskaya, Belevtsev, Latysheva, Latysheva, Beznoshchenko, Akopyan, Makukh, Kozlova, Varabyou, Ballow, Ong, Walter, Kondratenko, Kostyuchenko and Aleinikova.We thank all doctors for clinical help for patients. We also appreciate the support of patient and their parents for agreeing to take part in this study. TP thanks Sergey?Nikulshin, Marika Grutupa, and Zanna Kovalova. We thank Joseph Dasso for editing this manuscript, primarily for proper English
Sol-gel glassy antireflection GeO2 - SiO2 - Ag - Re films for solar cells and ir-devices
Optically homogeneous double-coated of GeO2 -SiO2 films, sodoped by ions of silver and cerium were fabricated with use sol-gel of a method, using tetraethylorthogermanate (TEOG) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors for germania and silica, respectively. According to data IR-spectroscopy of a coat are glassy. Refractive indices for the materials were obtained the following: GeO2, n = 1.687 at thickness d = 530.5 nm and SiO2, n = 1.512 at d = 998.2 nm. They demonstrate good adhesion to the glass, germanium, silica and metal substrates. Introduction of Re-earth ions m allows to control refractive index within the limits of from 1,2 up to 1,6, that is important for deriving the multilayer antirefractive coats for the infra-red optics. Introduction silver nanoparticles allow using the yielded coats for magnification of efficiency of solar cells