Sensitivity of the Exporting Economy on the External Shocks: Evidence from Slovene Firms

In this paper we investigate the export participation of Slovene firms. We first show that sunk costs are an important factor for explaining the export behavior of Slovene firms. Next we show that when the absorption power of the exporting market declines, firms still trade with their established buyers (hysteresis) despite the fact that due to lower prices their exporting revenues decline. We show that this can be explained with high exit costs, which consist of switching costs (costs of replacing stable buyers with new ones) and cost of reducing the production (compensation money for excess workers) and high re-entry costs.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40020/3/wp634.pd

DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE HIP AND SPORT ACTIVITIES

It was found that there is a potential risk for the development of osteoarthritis of the hip in certain sports. In this study we describe some geometrical and biomechanical aspects of the hip that might be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the hip, taking into account that long-lasting high articular stress is less favorable regarding the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. Our objective was to determine some factors that could be important for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the hip in sport activities. Parameters which influence articular stress were determined, such as the femoral head center, pelvic height and width, center- edge angle of Wiberg, collodiaphyseal angle, hip-joint reaction force, hip articular stress and the size of the weight-bearing area. Standard anteriposterior radiographs of the hip were taken from the archives of the University Medical Center in Ljubljana from 1985 to 1995. For all examined subjects the hip-joint geometry was without pathological changes, in order to study the normal geometry and biomechanical factors of the hip and the pelvis. The final analysis of geometrical and biomechanical factors were performed for 79 adult women and 21 adult men with a computer-aided system that was specially developed for this purpose. Our present results show that there are some important differences between women and men regarding the femoral and pelvic geometry (pelvic width is significantly higher in the female population, the femoral head radius is significantly smaller in the female population) and biomechanical parameters (the hip-joint reaction force is significantly greater in the female than in the male population, the magnitude of the weight-bearing area is significantly greater in the male population). There are some indications that the average female morphological and biomechanical parameters are less favorable regarding the development of osteoarthritis of the hip, so, more attention should be paid to the female population participating in the high level of training usual in certain sports in order to prevent the development of osteoarthritis of the hip in early phases of the disease with lower levels of activity

Antimicrobial activity of the marine alkaloids, clathrodin and oroidin, and their synthetic analogues

Peer reviewe

Adoption of the ADA/EASD guidelines in 10 Eastern and Southern European countries: Physician survey and good clinical practice recommendations from an international expert panel

Aims: Evidence from cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors was reflected in the most recent guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). The aim of the present study was to assess the adoption of the ADA/EASD guidelines in a convenience sample of physicians from Eastern and Southern Europe, the barriers to the implementation of these guidelines and the measures needed to facilitate their implementation. Methods: Attendees at two international diabetes conferences could volunteer to respond to a fully anonymous survey. Responses were analysed descriptively and a panel of experts from around the region was consulted to interpret the survey results. Results: Responses (n = 96) from 10 countries were analysed. Most participants (63.4%) considered the ADA/EASD guidelines fundamental to their practice. All respondents saw the value of the CVOT-based ADA/EASD recommendations and 77-80% generally implemented them. Measures suggested to improve adherence to the ADA/EASD guidelines included aligning reimbursement policy with the guidelines (54.4%), publishing guidelines in a simple and concise form (42.4%) and translating guidelines into local languages (33.3%). Conclusions: Aligning reimbursement with recent evidence and providing short summaries of the ADA/EASD guidelines in local languages could facilitate physician adherence.(c) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

ilastik: interactive machine learning for (bio)image analysis

We present ilastik, an easy-to-use interactive tool that brings machine-learning-based (bio)image analysis to end users without substantial computational expertise. It contains pre-defined workflows for image segmentation, object classification, counting and tracking. Users adapt the workflows to the problem at hand by interactively providing sparse training annotations for a nonlinear classifier. ilastik can process data in up to five dimensions (3D, time and number of channels). Its computational back end runs operations on-demand wherever possible, allowing for interactive prediction on data larger than RAM. Once the classifiers are trained, ilastik workflows can be applied to new data from the command line without further user interaction. We describe all ilastik workflows in detail, including three case studies and a discussion on the expected performance