Reception Aesthetics problems in Dušan Pala's Literary Works

The aim of the bachelor thesis is to bring a comprehensive view of Dušan Pala's literary works and the personality of the author. The first part introduces the philosophy of existence and context of the war period. Furthermore, attention is focused on the author's life and the issue of his classification in literary history. In the most extensive section of the work is presented the author's literary work, with closely monitored posthumous editions and related reception aesthetics problems. The last section deals with selected features that connect the entire literary work of the author. The work also contains unpublished texts from the author's estate stored in the Literary Archive of the Memorial of National Literature. Key words Dušan Pala, Václav Černý, Vladimír Papoušek, Blood and ash, Trees and stones, existentialismCílem bakalářské práce je přinést ucelený pohled na literární dílo Dušana Paly a osobnost autora. V první části je představena filozofie existence a literární kontext válečného období. Následně je pozornost zaměřena na život spisovatele a problematiku jeho zařazení do literární historie. V nejrozsáhlejším úseku práce je představeno jeho literární dílo, přičemž jsou podrobně sledována posmrtná vydání a s ním spjaté recepčně estetické problémy. Poslední oddíl se věnuje vybraným rysům, které propojují celou literární tvorbu autora. Práce zahrnuje i dosud nezveřejněné texty z autorovy pozůstalosti uložené v Literárním archivu Památníku národního písemnictví. Klíčová slova Dušan Pala, Václav Černý, Vladimír Papoušek, Krev a popel, Stromy a kamení, existencialismusDepartment of Czech and Comparative LiteratureÚstav české literatury a komparatistikyFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Reception Aesthetics problems in Dušan Pala's Literary Works

The aim of the bachelor thesis is to bring a comprehensive view of Dušan Pala's literary works and the personality of the author. The first part introduces the philosophy of existence and context of the war period. Furthermore, attention is focused on the author's life and the issue of his classification in literary history. In the most extensive section of the work is presented the author's literary work, with closely monitored posthumous editions and related reception aesthetics problems. The last section deals with selected features that connect the entire literary work of the author. The work also contains unpublished texts from the author's estate stored in the Literary Archive of the Memorial of National Literature. Key words Dušan Pala, Václav Černý, Vladimír Papoušek, Blood and ash, Trees and stones, existentialis