Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en siete refugios de perros abandonados del Valle Central, Costa Rica

Modalidad: TesisEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los parásitos gastrointestinales en los perros de siete refugios localizados en el Valle Central de Costa Rica. Para esto, se examinaron un total de 465 muestras de caninos usando las técnicas de flotación con solución hipersaturada de azúcar (Sheater) y el directo con Lugol. Se determinó que 182 (39.1%) de las muestras presentaban al menos un parásito gastrointestinal. En las muestras analizadas se identificaron los siguientes parásitos: ancilostomatídeos. (27.5%), Trichuris vulpis (8.6%), Giardia duodenalis (8.2%), Toxocara canis (6.7%), coccidios (1.9%) y Dipylidium caninum (0.2%). El 26.0% de los animales parasitados alojó una sola especie y el 13.1% albergó más de una especie. Los cachorros (65.8%) presentaron mayor prevalencia que los adultos (36.8%). los factores como el número de animales, el mal manejo en el higiene, la falta de práctica de la cuarentena y la alta humedad ambiental. parecen influir directamente en la prevalencia encontrada. Luego de la desparasitación con un desparasitante a base de imidacloprid y moxidectina la prevalencia parasitaria bajó al 13.0% confirmando que es un producto muy eficaz contra helmintos. También se demostró la importancia de los exámenes coproparasitológicos para el buen diagnóstico parasitario y su buen tratamiento y de los buenos hábitos de higiene para el control ambiental de los mismos. .The objective of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in seven dog shelters in the Central Valley, Costa Rica. Four hundred sixty five fecal samples were examined using flotation with a hiper-saturated sugar solution (Sheather) and Lugol direct techniques. A total of 182 (39.1%) of the samples were infected with at least one gastrointestinal parasite. The most frequent parasites in the samples were ancilostomatides (27.5%), Trichuris vulpis (8.6%), Giardia duodenalis (8.2%), Toxocara canis (6.7%), coccidia (1.9%), and Dipylidium caninum (0.2%). Twenty six percent of the samples were monoparasitized and 13.1% were poliparasitized. Puppies (65.8%) presented more prevalence than adults (36.8%). Factors such as number of animals, deficient hygiene practices, lack of quarantine periods and wet environment can influence directly the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. The deworming with the product composed by imidacloprid and moxidectin decreased prevalence in 26% ( from 39.1% to 13.0%), confirming the efficacy of this product against helmints. This investigation also demonstrated the importance of the coproparasitological analysis in order to make a good diagnosis and treatment. It is also important to promote a better enviromenta hygiene for gastrointestinal parasite controlEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

Quality of Adherence to the ARRIVE Guidelines in the Material and Methods Section in Studies Where Swine Were Used as Surgical Biomodels: A Systematic Review (2013–2018)

Over the last two decades, pigs have become animal biomodels widely used for the investigation and practice of surgical techniques because of their great physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. Even though many of these studies must be carried out later in humans, the description of basic information is limited, making exact repetitions of the reported experimental methods impossible. In this review, 108 studies from 2013 to 2018 were considered to determine the quality of adherence to the ARRIVE guidelines in the reports of the methodologies. The majority of the studies lacked the details recommended in the ARRIVE guidelines regarding data directly related to the welfare of animals undergoing surgery and those about anesthetic protocols and analgesics. Information related to sample size calculation and housing and husbandry conditions was also very limited. We believe that the ARRIVE guidelines are an excellent tool for good-quality reporting. We encourage scientists to consistently use them as a tool to improve the quality of their scientific reports and, consequently, ensure animal welfare

Effect of the analgesics dipyrone, tramadol, and meloxicam on the behavior of laboratory rats

Awareness about the ethical use of laboratory animals has increased over recent decades alongside the development of strict guidelines and legislation concerning the welfare of animals in scientific research. Although minimization of animal suffering during experimentation is of paramount importance, it is sometimes neglected because of the presumed interference of analgesics on behavioral patterns. For this reason, comprehensive research with multiple pharmacological agents is vital if analgesics are to be included in experimental procedures. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the analgesics dipyrone (DIP), tramadol (TRA), meloxicam (MEL), and combinations thereof on the behavioral parameters of naïve laboratory rats. Forty-eight SPF male Wistar-Han rats were divided randomly into 6 equal groups (n = 8 per group) and treated by intraperitoneal injection with DI (178 mg/kg), TRA (17.8 mg/kg), MEL (1.5 mg/kg), DIP+TRA (178 + 17.8 mg/kg), MEL+TRA (1.5 + 17.8 mg/kg) or saline (SAL; control). The behavior of the treated animals was assessed 30 minutes after injection of analgesic by sequential submission to Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, and Grooming Transfer tests. Treatment with DIP+TRA provoked the most significant alterations in rat behavior by reducing locomotion, rearing, and grooming. Although treatment with DI alone diminished exploratory behavior, the effect on grooming was not remarkable, thereby suggesting that DI has a suppressive motor effect, possibly caused by its action on the endocannabinoid system, which is potentiated by TRA. In the Open Field tests, the grooming behavior of all TRA-treated animals was reduced while treatment with MEL increased locomotion. Given that analgesia is an ethical duty, the experimental design should always consider the behavioral effects of the drugs themselves.Universidad de Costa Rica/[723-B9-197]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[837-B7-603]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[837-B8-123]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos (LEBI)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer (CICICA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin