Sucrose in detoxification of coffee plants with glyphosate drift.

The weed control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and another only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days performing the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf area number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment

In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Welch field isolates to infusions prepared from Artemisia annua L. cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon.

Artemisinin is the active antimalarial compound obtained from the leaves of Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin, and its semi-synthetic derivatives, are the main drugs used to treat multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (one of the human malaria parasite species). The in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum K1 and 3d7 strains and field isolates from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, to A. annua infusions (5 g dry leaves in 1 L of boiling water) and the drug standards chloroquine, quinine and artemisinin were evaluated. The A. annua used was cultivated in three Amazon ecosystems (várzea, terra preta de índio and terra firme) and in the city of Paulínia, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Artemisinin levels in the A. annua leaves used were 0.90-1.13% (m/m). The concentration of artemisinin in the infusions was 40-46 mg/L. Field P. falciparum isolates were resistant to chloroquine and sensitive to quinine and artemisinin. The average 50% inhibition concentration values for A. annua infusions against field isolates were 0.11-0.14 μL/mL (these infusions exhibited artemisinin concentrations of 4.7-5.6 ng/mL) and were active in vitro against P. falciparum due to their artemisinin concentration. No synergistic effect was observed for artemisinin in the infusions

Severe Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Brazilian Amazon

We describe a case series of 17 patients hospitalized in Manaus (western Brazilian Amazon) with PCR-confirmed Plasmodium vivax infection who were treated with chloroquine and primaquine. The major complications were jaundice and severe anemia. No in vivo chloroquine resistance was detected. These data help characterize the clinical profile of severe P. vivax malaria in Latin America

Taxa fotossintetica de mudas de cafeeiro intoxicados com glyphosate após a aplicação de algas, aminoácidos e sacarose.

O manejo das plantas daninhas é de grande importância, pois elas competem com o cafeeiro por luz, água e nutrientes. O controle químico é o mais utilizado, destacando-se o uso do glyphosate, que possui ação pós emergente e não seletivo ao cafeeiro. Porém quando aplicado pode ocorrer deriva para o cafeeiro, o que pode causar grandes prejuízos à cultura. Nesse sentido muitos produtores utilizam à aplicação de alguns produtos, como sacarose, algas e aminoácidos com objetivo de reverter os danos causados pela deriva do herbicida. Nesse sentido objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a taxa fotossintética de mudas de cafeeiro intoxicadas com glyphosate após a aplicação de algas (Ascophylun nodosun), aminoácidos e sacarose

Estratégias para o manejo do cafeeiro com foco na otimização do uso da água.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dispersão de cafeeiros em função de diferentes técnicas agronômicas utilizadas como estratégias de manejo para otimizar o uso da água. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em área experimental, localizada na INOVACAFÉ na UFLA, em Lavras, MG. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os fatores em estudo foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x2x5, perfazendo um total de 30 tratamentos alocados em parcelas sub-subdivididas. Estudou-se três manejos de cobertura do solo (?mulching?, braquiária e solo exposto), dois tipos de fertilizantes (convencional e fertilizante de liberação controlada) e cinco condicionadores de solo (casca de café, gesso agrícola, polímero hidrorretentor, composto orgânico e testemunha). Em julho de 2016 (6 meses após o plantio) e julho de 2017 (18 meses após o plantio), épocas caracterizadas por condição de baixa disponibilidade hídrica, avaliou-se o crescimento das plantas, umidade do solo, fisiologia e anatomia. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os sistemas de manejo estudados, compostos pela combinação de diferentes coberturas do solo, tipos de fertilizantes e uso condicionadores, impactam de forma expressiva nas respostas das plantas, sendo possível otimizar o uso da água no cafeeiro em função das estratégias adotadas. O manejo com solo exposto desfavorece o cafeeiro em condições de menor disponibilidade hídrica. O uso do ?mulching?, o consórcio com braquiária, a aplicação da casca de café e o fertilizante de liberação controlada são potenciais técnicas agronômicas que favorecem características do cafeeiro capazes otimizar o uso da água.Título em inglês: Strategies for coffee management with focus on optimizing the use of the water. Projeto 109 (Concafé)

The design and protocol of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background: Many studies have already reported encouraging results in the prophylactic therapy of migraine by acupuncture, but there seems to be a lack of high quality randomized controlled trials from China. We design and perform a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture compared with flunarizine in the prophylactic therapy of patients with migraine without aura in China. Methods: This trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. The 140 migraine patients are randomly allocated to two different groups. The acupuncture groups (n = 70) is treated with acupuncture and placebo medicine; while the control group (n = 70) is treated with sham acupuncture and medicine (Flunarizine). Both Flunarizine and placebo are taken 10 mg once per night for the first 2 weeks and then 5 mg once per night for the next 2 weeks. Patients in both groups receive 12 sessions of verum/sham acupuncture in 4 weeks. Discussion: The study design and the long term clinical practice of acupuncturists guarantee a high external validity for the results. The results of our trial will be helpful to supply the evidence on the efficacy of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis in China. Trial Registration: The trial is registered at Controlled Clinical Trials: ISRCTN49839714.Medicine, Research & ExperimentalSCI(E)0ARTICLEnull1