The role of negative emotions in the social processes of entrepreneurship: Power rituals and shame-related appeasement behaviors

This paper examines the role of negative emotions in the social processes of entrepreneurship. Drawing on a study of Russian entrepreneurs, we develop a model of the emotional effects of social interactions between entrepreneurs and state officials. We found that negative emotions were elicited by these interactions and, in turn, fueled three forms of shame-related corrective appeasement behavior (reactive, anticipatory, and sporadic), which served to corrode entrepreneurial motivation and direct attention and energy away from business growth and development

Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications

Trajectories in the Evolution of Technology: A Multi-Level Study of Competition in Formula 1 Racing.

This paper explores the trajectories of three key technologies in Formula 1 racing at the component, firm and system levels of analysis. The purpose is to gain an understanding of the evolutionary forces that contribute to the emergence and survival of dominant designs. Based on archival data and contemporaneous accounts of the period 1967-1982, we develop a series of propositions specifying the evolutionary forces acting on technological trajectories within each level of analysis. The resulting framework leads to a set of predictions about relationships between technological transparency, co-evolution, and the emergence of dominant designs. Specifically, we argue that when the costs and difficulty associated with transferring component knowledge between firms is low (technological transparency is high), technologies tend to co-evolve across firms, leading to the development of complementary technologies and increasing the likelihood of industry dominance. Where transparency is low, however, technologies tend to co-evolve across functions within firms, leading to the development of competing technologies across firms, increasing the likelihood of a technology's dominance within the firm. The data and argument suggest that the forces acting on these two types of technological trajectories are self-reinforcing, so that as momentum builds behind a trajectory, it becomes more likely that its evolutionary path will end in either firm-or system-level dominance