Peningkatan Nilai Kalori pada Batubara Lignit dengan Metode Aglomerasi Air dan Minyak Sawit pada PT. Indonesia Power Ujp Pltu Barru

Penggunaan batubara di PLTU sangat bergantung kepada kualitas batubara yang digunakan, karena semakin tinggi kualitas batubara maka akan memaksimalkan pembakaran dan secara langsung akan berdampak pada produksi listrik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan nilai kalori pada batubara lignit. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode aglomerasi dengan media air dan minyak sawit yang pada setiap sampel diberi perlakukan yang sama namun mengalami peningkatan yang berbeda. Ada tiga sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dimana pada setiap sampel memiliki komposisi batubara lignit seberat 1 gram, minyak sawit sebanyak 10,20,30 ml dan air sebanyak 100 ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak konsentrasi minyak maka semakin tinggi kadar karbon yang diikat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai kalori batubara. Dilihat dari konsentrasi 30% pada setiap sampel batubara mengalami peningkatan nilai kalori yang sebelumnya 3.765,23 cal/gr menjadi 5.279,46 cal/gr pada sampel pertama, 3.567,44 cal/gr menjadi 4.989,07 cal/gr pada sampel kedua dan 4.026,07 cal/gr menjadi 5.166,98 cal/gr pada sampel ketiga. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa batubara lignit yang digunakan di PLTU dapat ditingkatkan nilai kalorinya menggunakan metode aglomerasi air dan minyak sawit

Genetic characterization of Varroa destructor (Family: Varroidae) prevalent in honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the province of Aydin in Turkey

The aim of the present study was to identify the haplotypes of the Varroa destructor mite which infects honeybees in the province of Aydın in Turkey, using two different modified techniques for the mitochondrial Cox1 gene of the mite. In order to confirm the haplotype, two primers differing in their sequence i.e. (ADA 01) as forward primer 5′-TACAAAGAGGGAAGAAGCAGCC-3′ and reverse primer 5′- GCCCCTATTCTTAATACATAGTGAAAATG-3′ and (ADA 02) with COXF primer [5′GG(A/G)GG(A/T)GA(C/T)CC(A/T)ATT(C/T)T(A/T)TATCAAC3′] and COXRa primer [5′GG(A/T)GACCTGT(A/TA(A/T)AATAGCAAATAC3′], were selected. Amplified DNA 376 bp in size was acquired using (ADA 01) forward primer 5′- TACAAAGAGGGAAGAAGCAGCC-3′ and reverse primer 5′- GCCCCTATTCTTAATACATAGTGAAAATG-3′. SacI restriction enzyme was applied to the amplified products; however, this restriction enzyme did not cut the DNA. Amplified DNA, 570 bp in size was obtained using (ADA 02) COXF primer [5’GG(A/G)GG(A/T)GA(C/T)CC(A/T)ATT(C/T)T(A/T)TATCAAC3’] COXRa and [5’GG(A/T)GACCTGT(A/TA(A/T)AATAGCAAATAC3’]. XhoI and SacI restriction enzymes were used for the amplified products. Although, the SacI restriction enzyme did not cut the DNA, the XhoI restriction enzyme cut the amplified DNA into two fragments (bands), with the sizes of 270 and 300 bp two bands 270 and 300 bp. While comparing the results, these bands were found specific for Korean haplotype of V. destructor. In conclusion, all of the 200 samples of V. destructor examined in this study were identified to be the Korean haplotype

Impact of Robust Error Control on Fluid Level by Wireless Network Applications

WOS: 000444156000022The paper presents a process simulator developed with wireless process control purpose and antennas and modules for wireless communication applications. The impact of robust error control code onwireless liquid level control experiments is investigated by means of three tuning coefficients of the proportional integral derivative actionswhich are initially determined by using nonparametric methods. The initial controller tuning coefficients were determined using the process reaction curve which sketched the data obtained in response to a step change by wireless communication. The well-tuned control parameters were assessed by means of a MATLAB graphical tool (SISO). To determine the bias values of the process simulator, an initial steady state was obtained and the system output was monitored at the constant control valve openness (10%) for 100s. At the end of 100 seconds, the control key in MATLAB/ Simulink block diagram was changed and the control algorithm was activated and different set point changes were given to the system at the same time and the effect of the parameters was observed. It was seen that the liquid level tended to level off around the desired set values in the wireless control experiments performed to follow different set points by using the wireless robust error control with well-tuned parameters. The proposed wireless control and communication networkperformances were compared with the integral of squared error (ISE) and the integral of absolute error (IAE) criteria at various fluid levels

Distributed Wireless Liquid Level Control of a Process Simulator Over a Network

WOS: 000450578800003In a process simulator, the distributed wireless liquid level control experiments have been performed by using the generalized predictive control algorithm. The wireless local area network was established with antennas between process simulator in Unit Operations Laboratory and the computer in Process Control Laboratory. We performed the online wireless experiments with MATLAB/Simulink program. Data transfer during the wireless experiments were carried out using radio waves at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Experiments on the same conditions were achieved by three certain values of control weighting factor in the controller algorithm, whilst the changes in valve opening and liquid level with time were monitored. In all experiments performed with the distributed control system, the control valve opening is fixed with very small oscillations after a sudden increase in the beginning. We obtained the best liquid level control response to different set point changes for the same set of controller tuning values. The Integrated Square of the Error and the Integrated Absolute of the Error values were chosen as performance criteria. The distributed wireless liquid level control was effectively realized to the process simulator and it is recommended for industrial applications

Van Bölgesindeki Bal Arılarında (Apis mellifera) Bulunan Varroa destructor’un (AKAR: Varroidae) Genetik Karakterizasyonu

Türkiye’de arı yetiştiriciliğinin en önemli arı zararlısı olarak görülen Varroa destructor, bir ektoparazittir.  Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Van bölgesindeki bal arılarını (Apis mellifera) istila eden Varroa destructor akarının haplotiplerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, akarın mitokondriyal Cox1 gen belgesini analiz etmek için PCR+RFLP modifiye yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca örneklerin % 10’u (28) çift yönlü sekans analizi için özel bir firmaya gönderilmiştir. PCR sonucunda, 570 bp büyüklüğünde amplifiye DNA elde edilmiştir. RFLP için amplifiye ürüne XhoI ve SacI restriksiyon enzimleri uygulanmıştır. SacI restriksiyon enzimi DNA’yı kesmemesine rağmen XhoI restriksiyon enzimi amplifiye DNA’yı 270 ve 300 bp olarak iki parçaya (bant) kesmiştir. RFLP reaksiyonunun bantları ve mitokondriyal DNA'nın dizi analizi, tüm akar örneklerinin V. destructor Kore haplotipi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma sonuçları Van bölgesinde bu akarların kontrolünde yardımcı olmalıdır

The importance and place of "second-look" operation in the management of advanced ovarian cancer cases

Bu çalışma, 12-13 Ekim 1979 tarihinde Bursa[Türkiye]'da düzenlenen Kanser Kongresinde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.İlk laparatomisinde inoperabl bulunmuş ileri over kanseri olgularına kemoterapi veya radyoterapi uygulanmaktadır. Bu olguların bir kısmında yapılan tedavilere çok iyi cevaplar alınmakta ve tümöral kitlelerde büyük ölçüde regresyonlar elde edilmektedir. Bu olgularda ikinci bir cerrahi girişimle kalan tümör dokusunun çıkarılması yaşam oranını artırmak ve hastanın hastalık belirtisi olmaksızın yaşayabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bunun dışında over kanserli olgularda değişik endikasyonları da ikincil cerrahi girişim uygulamaları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ileri over kanseri olgularında uygulanabilecek olan bu ikincil cerrahi girişim (Second·Look op.) in yeri ve önemi, İstanbul üniversitesi, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Radyoterapi Kürsüsü materyalinden örnekler verilerek belirtilmeye çalışıldı.In advanced ovarian cancer cases, surgical management and total extirpation of tumoral tissue sometimes may be possible after radiotherapy courses andlor chemotherapy regimen. In this paper the importance, the place and the indications of the "Second Look Operation" in ovarian cancer cases were stressed by giving case-examples from the material of Istanbul University, Radiotherapy Department of Istanbul Medical Faculty and reviewed with the reports of the medical literature