Financial crisis response plan

Despite the recent highs and lows in international finance, the need for better understanding on the part of policy-makers, business leaders and the general public is evident to address future crisis. The study of other countries’ financial difficulties in recent history seems to be a key element missing in our nation’s response. The economy is too important to leave up to an ill prepared ad hoc emergency meeting. Rather than throwing together a government response, just-in-time at best, it would be advantageous to have a plan ready to pull off the shelf. For such a plan, this paper suggests guiding principles, a plan outline, and options available to the policy-maker in the form of a Financial Crisis Response Plan (FCRP). It should mirror a typical government disaster response plan to some extent, but tailored to assist the Federal government’s response to a myriad of financial crises. The guiding principles for any financial response could be used for a just-in-time response, or for planning and writing plans in between crisis. The plan should be one that is A-political in nature, clearly identifies the problems, considers legal options available, and roles of responders. Such a plan should have strong measurable goals, and strive for universal application, cost savings to the tax-payer, consider all parties welfare including overseas counterparts, and a return to profitable business operations. Any plan developed must be comprehensive to all participating parties, with scheduled training and exercises. Study of past crises and non-traditional sources will not replace but supplement existing principles utilized by government institutions. Several historical works of economists as well as more recent writings like those of Reinhart & Rogoff (2008) touch on financial crisis. The bulk of research for this paper was through foreign central bankers. Central banks have been through similar crises, and have suggested courses of action similar to the FCRP. Additionally, lesser known writers or economists, particularly those outside government payroll or Wall Street, have some value in the discussion. No one person will have all the answers and no single plan will be the ultimate government response, but many options should be explored. Thus, the plan here-in will not attempt to provide all the answers, but a framework for policy-makers (locally and globally) to arrive at those solutions.The paper recommends a government Financial Crisis Response Plan, with several options and guidelines described.

Studies Toward the Synthesis of a- and B- Mercapto Alanine Derivatives, and of a,B- and B, B- Dimercapto Alanine Derivatives

A convenient, economical, large scale synthesis of N-acetyldehydro-alanine (a-acetamidoacrylic acid) and its methyl ester was developed via a sequence of N-chlorination-dehydrochlorination. The method was extended to the synthesis of the corresponding N-benzoyl, N-phenylacetyl and N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives. The conversion of a-methoxy-N-acetyl alanine derivatives to the corresponding a-mercapto alanine derivatives, using zinc chloride and an appropriate mercaptan, was investigated. Methyl a-methoxy-N-acetyl-D, L-alaninate was successfully converted to the a-acetylthio derivative, in 24% yield; however, a 90% yield could be obtained by treatment of the dehydroalanine derivative with hydrogen chloride gas in neat thiolacetic acid. A facile conversion of the a-acetylthio derivative to the a-methoxy derivative, using sodium methoxide in methanol, was observed to occur. The normally facile conversion of an acetylthio group to a mercapto group, using sodium borohydride, gave mixtures of the a-mercapto derivative and alanine derivative. The reactions at the a position of a-hetero-N-acetyl-D,L-alanines and a,B-disubstituted N-acetyl-D,L-alanine derivatives seemed consistent with the formation of an acylimine intermediate under basic conditions and a carbonium ion intermediate under acidic conditions. From these studies, a facile, clean synthesis of a-halo-a-mercapto-and a-alkoxy-N-acetyl-D,L-alanine derivatives was accomplished. All attempts to synthesize a,B-dimercapto derivatives failed because the B-halogen could not be replaced with a mercapto group when the a position was a mercapto or methoxy derivative. Attempts to generate a B-mercapto-a-halo derivative also failed. A facile synthesis of the E and Z isomers of methyl B-chloro-N-acetyldehydroalaninate was developed. The ratio of Z to E isomers was found to vary with the base used for the elimination. The E and Z isomers of methyl B-chloro-N-acetyldehydroalaninate were converted to the B-mercapto derivatives by reaction with mercaptan. The reaction proceeded with retention of stereochemistry. The formation of B-substituted N-acetyldehydroalanine derivatives seemed consistent with an acylimine intermediate followed by a sequence of Michael-type addition and dehydrochlorination. A study of the conversion of the B-mercapto-N-acetyldehydroalanine derivatives to mixed dithioacetals, which would be useful in the synthesis of natural antibiotics, was undertaken. This approach to the synthesis of mixed dithioacetals was unsuccessful because an exchange of mercapto groups was observed, the addition of a second, different mercaptan failed or the yield was too low to be synthetically useful. A synthesis of B,B-dimercapto-N-aeetyldehydroalanine (mixed, unsaturated dithioacetals) derivatives was accomplished. However, because of low yields, a reduction to B,B- dimercapto-N- acetyl-D,L-alanine derivatives (mixed dithloacetals) was not investigated

Alien Registration- Folsom, Millicent A. (Bangor, Penobscot County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/15850/thumbnail.jp

Methodology to evaluate acoustic performance in educational spaces by Different Methods

Different methodologies used to evaluate acoustic performancein ineducational lecture hall. Theses technical methods have been used in order to define theacoustic problems in lecture hall and suggest acoustic and architecture treatments to solvethese acoustic problems. The methods that used for acoustic analysis were Sabin, Eyring,Arau-puchades and ODEON. This paper is foucing on acoustic performance in lecturehall 2 in Tanta Engineering. Acoustic study has been done for lecture hall as follows:Evaluation the acoustic performance by field measurements for reverberation time,manual calculation and acoustic simulation; ODEON software. Different acousticperformance analysis was performed. Different acoustic and architecture treatments weresuggested based on the analysis. The final results of room acoustics of different casescarried on the hall were compered to the international requirements for educationalspaces. The main problems based on the acoustic analysis are the increase of hall height,architecture design of ceiling and hard covering of the internal surface

Geographical aspects of health and use of primary health care services in Jeddah, South Arabia

This thesis examines the contribution that geographical analysis can make to the study of the variation in the patterns of human health and subsequently to the discussion on the type and level of use of the public health service in a rapidly developing country. The current study was conducted in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1994 and 2000. One of the main aims was to examine the pattern of health services provided in Saudi Arabia and this aim was achieved by investigating the provision and use of the Public Healthcare services. An attempt was made to clarify the complex web of relations that existed between, on the one hand, the different socioeconomic and geographic factors and on the other, the distribution of common ailments together with the level of utilization of health services. Shortcomings in the nature of the official health statistics regarding socioeconomic conditions of the patients were remedied through the use of a questionnaire. A total of 1000 patients from the eight PHCCs were surveyed for their use of the public health service. Data was collected from the same patients on their socio-economic, education and habitation details. This sample was used to supplement the data collected from the official government health statistics. These two data sets permitted an evaluation of the occurrence of different ailments and the variations in geographic distribution among the eight selected PHCCs. Difficulties persisted in the availability of official 1992 census data until publication of census data became available in 1999. In contrast to the problems of the census data, the availability of accurate and up-to-date patient records compiled by Ministry of Health staff was of considerable benefit to this research project. Use was made of Geographic Information Systems software for the analysis of data collected at the level of the PHCC. This allowed visual identification of the spatial variation in the use of the different health services and also allowed the identification of gaps in healthcare provision. The study showed that a density of habitation index used as a prime indicator of socio-economic status could be used as an indicator of the occurrence level for a number of common diseases. A pattern of disease was observed that suggested that the number of visits to PHCCs was substantially higher in low socio-economic districts compared to medium and higher socio-economic districts. It can be shown that the most common ailment was Upper Respiratory Tract Infections followed by Dental and Gingival diseases. Persons aged between 15 and 44 years made most visits to PHCCs although children under 15 years made proportionately greater use of PHCC facilities. No difference could be found between Saudi and Non Saudi as regards the occurrence of the most common ailments and diseases. The lack of difference was probably due to the close integration of the two population groups and the sharing of the same local environment. This similarity occurred despite considerable differences in income levels and socio-economic status. The level of utilisation of health centers in the selected districts showed differences, being higher in those districts categorized as low socio-economic in the south of Jeddah when compared to higher socio-economic districts in the north of the city.;It was evident that the difference in socio-economic factors had an impact on the occurrence of some frequently occurring diseases e.g. URI, Dental, Ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and skin diseases. Although not primarily concerned with private health care facilities, for completeness sake some information was collected on the use of private health care in conjunction with public health care facilities. The author was surprised to discover that greatest use of private facilities occurred among women and children patients from Al Nuzla al Yamaneyyah and Al Thaalebah, districts that were characterised by low socio-economic conditions. The use of traditional folk healing was also briefly studied as this form of treatment remains important for some patients. Results showed that there was no difference between the educational standards of patients and their use of traditional folk healers. Again, children and women constituted the majority (86.6%) of users of traditonal healing with Saudi users (18.9%) higher than non Saudi (11.4%). There remains the supposition that alternative medicine may be of far greater importance than the sparse official data suggests. The unquantified illegal immigrant population may be totally reliant on unofficially operating alternative medicine centres. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of improvements to the existing public health care system. Some changes in the policy and practice of PHCC services will inevitably require more financial resources. These include an extension of the opening times of PHCCs and an increase in the number of specialist facilities such as dental surgeries. Other changes may not require more finances. These include a strengthening of communication and co-operation between PHCCs and hospitals to improve the referral of patients. Expansion of the existing computer network connecting PHCCs with hospitals should be given high priority. A programme of educating new immigrant staff on the special socio-economic conditions that prevail in the districts would be of major benefit both to staff and patients. Attention should be paid to the integration of traditional and modern medicine as this could offer the potential to correct the deficiencies of each and enable the development of a medical service that would provide a better overall level of treatment.This thesis examines the contribution that geographical analysis can make to the study of the variation in the patterns of human health and subsequently to the discussion on the type and level of use of the public health service in a rapidly developing country. The current study was conducted in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1994 and 2000. One of the main aims was to examine the pattern of health services provided in Saudi Arabia and this aim was achieved by investigating the provision and use of the Public Healthcare services. An attempt was made to clarify the complex web of relations that existed between, on the one hand, the different socioeconomic and geographic factors and on the other, the distribution of common ailments together with the level of utilization of health services. Shortcomings in the nature of the official health statistics regarding socioeconomic conditions of the patients were remedied through the use of a questionnaire. A total of 1000 patients from the eight PHCCs were surveyed for their use of the public health service. Data was collected from the same patients on their socio-economic, education and habitation details. This sample was used to supplement the data collected from the official government health statistics. These two data sets permitted an evaluation of the occurrence of different ailments and the variations in geographic distribution among the eight selected PHCCs. Difficulties persisted in the availability of official 1992 census data until publication of census data became available in 1999. In contrast to the problems of the census data, the availability of accurate and up-to-date patient records compiled by Ministry of Health staff was of considerable benefit to this research project. Use was made of Geographic Information Systems software for the analysis of data collected at the level of the PHCC. This allowed visual identification of the spatial variation in the use of the different health services and also allowed the identification of gaps in healthcare provision. The study showed that a density of habitation index used as a prime indicator of socio-economic status could be used as an indicator of the occurrence level for a number of common diseases. A pattern of disease was observed that suggested that the number of visits to PHCCs was substantially higher in low socio-economic districts compared to medium and higher socio-economic districts. It can be shown that the most common ailment was Upper Respiratory Tract Infections followed by Dental and Gingival diseases. Persons aged between 15 and 44 years made most visits to PHCCs although children under 15 years made proportionately greater use of PHCC facilities. No difference could be found between Saudi and Non Saudi as regards the occurrence of the most common ailments and diseases. The lack of difference was probably due to the close integration of the two population groups and the sharing of the same local environment. This similarity occurred despite considerable differences in income levels and socio-economic status. The level of utilisation of health centers in the selected districts showed differences, being higher in those districts categorized as low socio-economic in the south of Jeddah when compared to higher socio-economic districts in the north of the city.;It was evident that the difference in socio-economic factors had an impact on the occurrence of some frequently occurring diseases e.g. URI, Dental, Ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and skin diseases. Although not primarily concerned with private health care facilities, for completeness sake some information was collected on the use of private health care in conjunction with public health care facilities. The author was surprised to discover that greatest use of private facilities occurred among women and children patients from Al Nuzla al Yamaneyyah and Al Thaalebah, districts that were characterised by low socio-economic conditions. The use of traditional folk healing was also briefly studied as this form of treatment remains important for some patients. Results showed that there was no difference between the educational standards of patients and their use of traditional folk healers. Again, children and women constituted the majority (86.6%) of users of traditonal healing with Saudi users (18.9%) higher than non Saudi (11.4%). There remains the supposition that alternative medicine may be of far greater importance than the sparse official data suggests. The unquantified illegal immigrant population may be totally reliant on unofficially operating alternative medicine centres. The thesis concludes by recommending a number of improvements to the existing public health care system. Some changes in the policy and practice of PHCC services will inevitably require more financial resources. These include an extension of the opening times of PHCCs and an increase in the number of specialist facilities such as dental surgeries. Other changes may not require more finances. These include a strengthening of communication and co-operation between PHCCs and hospitals to improve the referral of patients. Expansion of the existing computer network connecting PHCCs with hospitals should be given high priority. A programme of educating new immigrant staff on the special socio-economic conditions that prevail in the districts would be of major benefit both to staff and patients. Attention should be paid to the integration of traditional and modern medicine as this could offer the potential to correct the deficiencies of each and enable the development of a medical service that would provide a better overall level of treatment

Financial crisis response plan

Despite the recent highs and lows in international finance, the need for better understanding on the part of policy-makers, business leaders and the general public is evident to address future crisis. The study of other countries’ financial difficulties in recent history seems to be a key element missing in our nation’s response. The economy is too important to leave up to an ill prepared ad hoc emergency meeting. Rather than throwing together a government response, just-in-time at best, it would be advantageous to have a plan ready to pull off the shelf. For such a plan, this paper suggests guiding principles, a plan outline, and options available to the policy-maker in the form of a Financial Crisis Response Plan (FCRP). It should mirror a typical government disaster response plan to some extent, but tailored to assist the Federal government’s response to a myriad of financial crises. The guiding principles for any financial response could be used for a just-in-time response, or for planning and writing plans in between crisis. The plan should be one that is A-political in nature, clearly identifies the problems, considers legal options available, and roles of responders. Such a plan should have strong measurable goals, and strive for universal application, cost savings to the tax-payer, consider all parties welfare including overseas counterparts, and a return to profitable business operations. Any plan developed must be comprehensive to all participating parties, with scheduled training and exercises. Study of past crises and non-traditional sources will not replace but supplement existing principles utilized by government institutions. Several historical works of economists as well as more recent writings like those of Reinhart & Rogoff (2008) touch on financial crisis. The bulk of research for this paper was through foreign central bankers. Central banks have been through similar crises, and have suggested courses of action similar to the FCRP. Additionally, lesser known writers or economists, particularly those outside government payroll or Wall Street, have some value in the discussion. No one person will have all the answers and no single plan will be the ultimate government response, but many options should be explored. Thus, the plan here-in will not attempt to provide all the answers, but a framework for policy-makers (locally and globally) to arrive at those solutions

Financial crisis response plan

Despite the recent highs and lows in international finance, the need for better understanding on the part of policy-makers, business leaders and the general public is evident to address future crisis. The study of other countries’ financial difficulties in recent history seems to be a key element missing in our nation’s response. The economy is too important to leave up to an ill prepared ad hoc emergency meeting. Rather than throwing together a government response, just-in-time at best, it would be advantageous to have a plan ready to pull off the shelf. For such a plan, this paper suggests guiding principles, a plan outline, and options available to the policy-maker in the form of a Financial Crisis Response Plan (FCRP). It should mirror a typical government disaster response plan to some extent, but tailored to assist the Federal government’s response to a myriad of financial crises. The guiding principles for any financial response could be used for a just-in-time response, or for planning and writing plans in between crisis. The plan should be one that is A-political in nature, clearly identifies the problems, considers legal options available, and roles of responders. Such a plan should have strong measurable goals, and strive for universal application, cost savings to the tax-payer, consider all parties welfare including overseas counterparts, and a return to profitable business operations. Any plan developed must be comprehensive to all participating parties, with scheduled training and exercises. Study of past crises and non-traditional sources will not replace but supplement existing principles utilized by government institutions. Several historical works of economists as well as more recent writings like those of Reinhart & Rogoff (2008) touch on financial crisis. The bulk of research for this paper was through foreign central bankers. Central banks have been through similar crises, and have suggested courses of action similar to the FCRP. Additionally, lesser known writers or economists, particularly those outside government payroll or Wall Street, have some value in the discussion. No one person will have all the answers and no single plan will be the ultimate government response, but many options should be explored. Thus, the plan here-in will not attempt to provide all the answers, but a framework for policy-makers (locally and globally) to arrive at those solutions

DAMPAK SENGKETA PULAU DOKDO/TAKESHIMA KOREA SELATAN - JEPANG TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HALLYU DI JEPANG

This study aims to determine how the impact of the disputed Dokdo Island / Takeshima between South Korea and Japan on the development of Hallyu in Japan Year 2012-2015. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the disputed Dokdo / Takeshima between South Korea and Japan on the development of Hallyu in Japan after re-simmering dispute over Dokdo Island / Takeshima by the visit of South Korean President Lee Myung Bak in 2012. Methods The study was qualitative. Most of the data were collected through interviews, literature study, observation, documentation, and online data searches. The study was conducted at the Korean Cultural Center, The Japan Foundation, Library and Documentation Centre of Scientific Information LIPI, and the Embassy of Japan to Indonesia. The results showed that the development of Hallyu in Japan after re-simmering dispute over Dokdo Island / Takeshima between South Korea and Japan in 2012 experiencing barriers. Problems island disputes between countries worsen bilateral relations, in the case of disputed Dokdo / Takeshima also have a negative impact on the cultural development of Hallyu in Japan