Níveis de plasma sanguíneo em dietas pós-desmame para leitões desmamados aos 28 dias de idade

Com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de plasma sanguíneo (PS) em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 28 dias de idade, foi realizado um experimento utilizando-se 128 leitões com peso inicial de 7,64 ± 0,103 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos, composto por quatro níveis de plasma, oito blocos e quatro animais por unidade experimental. Para avaliação dos níveis de plasma, utilizaram-se as seguintes dietas: ração com leite desnatado (LD) e sem plasma sanguíneo (PS) dos 29 aos 42 dias; ração com LD mais 2,8% de PS dos 29 aos 35 dias (período 1) e 2,0% de PS dos 36 aos 42 dias (período 2); ração com LD mais 4,2% de PS no período 1 e 3,0% de PS no período 2; e ração sem LD e com 5,6% de PS no período 1 e 4,0% de PS no período 2. Na fase dos 42 aos 56 dias (período 3), a mesma ração de creche foi fornecida para os animais. Não se verificou efeito da inclusão de plasma sanguíneo nas dietas sobre o consumo de ração médio diário. No período 1 verificou-se efeito linear dos níveis de plasma sanguíneo sobre o índice bionutricional (IBN = 6,8371GPMD - 3,5732CRMD) e o ganho de peso médio diário (^Y = 0,1364 + 0,0100X). Não houve efeito dos níveis de plasma na dieta sobre o índice de diarréia. O melhor nível de plasma sanguíneo em dietas para o período dos 29 aos 35 dias de idade de leitões desmamados aos 28 dias de idade é de 5,6% e não há efeitos benéficos da adição de plasma sanguíneo na segunda semana após o desmame

Protected fat and variable level of protein in diets of crossbreed cows in early lactation

Current study evaluated the inclusion of protected fat and different levels of crude protein (CP) in the diet of crossbreed cows in early lactation. Twelve cows were distributed in a 4 x 4 factorial design, with four treatments (12 or 16% CP, with or without MEGALAC-E®). Statistical analyzes with ANOVA and Pearson’s linear correlation procedures were performed. Protected fat did not affect intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (p > 0.05). Increased CP raised consumption of CP and EE and decreased the non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; p 0.05) on milk yield and composition due to protected fat or CP rates. Since the inclusion of protected fat and higher content of CP (16%) in the diet did not benefit the production and composition of milk in crossbreed cows, diets with 12% CP without the inclusion of protected fat are recommended.

Protein co-products and by-products of the biodiesel industry for ruminants feeding

The objective of the experiment was to classify 20 protein co-products and by-products of the biodiesel industry with potential to use in ruminant feeding. The meals evaluated were: cottonseed, canudo-de-pito, crambe, sunflower, castor-oil seeds detoxified with calcium, non-detoxified castor-oil seeds and soybean; and the cakes were: cottonseed, peanut, babassu, crambe, palm oil, sunflower, licuri, macauba seeds, non-detoxified castor-oil seeds, turnip and jatropha. The samples were quantified to determine dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), acid detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (ADFap), lignin, cutin and starch levels. The CP profile was characterized in fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), rumen degradable and undegradable protein, intestinal digestibility, indigestible neutral detergent fiber and undegradable neutral detergent insoluble protein were evaluated. The OM, CP, EE, NDFap, NFC, ADFap, lignin, cutin and starch contents varied from 81.95 to 95.41%, 18.92 to 57.75%, 0.56 to 18.40%, 10.13 to 62.30%, 3.89 to 27.88%, 6.15 to 36.86%, 1.19 to 5.04%, 0 to 17.87% and 0.68 to 14.50%, respectively. The values of fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C ranged from 5.40 to 43.31%, 0.08 to 37.63%, 16.75 to 79.39%, 1.86 to 59.15% and 0.60 to 11.47%, respectively. Concentrations of IVDMD, IVNDFD, rumen-degradable and undegradable protein, intestinal digestibility, indigestible NDF and undegradable neutral detergent insoluble protein ranged from 31.00 to 95.92%, 55.04 to 97.74%, 41.06 to 97.61%, 2.39 to 58.94, 9.27 to 94.26%, 1.05 to 40.80% and 0.29 to 2.92%, respectively. Some of these products can replace soybean meal, specially the Macauba seeds cake, cottonseed meal and peanut and turnip cakes based on digestive characteristics