Genomic Surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 – 2018

São Paulo, a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in São Paulo, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in São Paulo, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHPs in São Paulo. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in São Paulo prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in São Paulo, mostly sampled from NHPs between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in São Paulo at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern São Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of São Paulo state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of YFV in highly fragmented forested regions in São Paulo state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species

A&B Game Jam - Projeto extensionista de estímulo ao desenvolvimento de jogos

A&B Game Jam is a short-time game development marathon that aims to foster the game development scene in the region of Cascavel, Paraná. The focus of A&B is not on competition, but rather on learning, socialization and fun. Organized since its third edition by the Computer Science PET group from Western Paraná State University, the marathon had its third edition held on- site at the university in 2019 and its fourth edition held online in 2020. The event has already attracted dozens of participants from the external community, stimulating them to develop their first game in a cooperative and learning environment, always being well evaluated by them. This work discusses the idea behind A&B, all the activities related to the organization of the third and fourth editions, as well as their goals and the lessons learned by the organization.A A&B Game Jam consiste em uma maratona de desenvolvimento de jogos em um curto período de tempo e tem por objetivo estimular o cenário de desenvolvimento de jogos na região de Cascavel, Paraná. O foco da A&B não é a competição, mas sim o aprendizado, a socialização e a diversão. Organizada desde sua terceira edição pelo grupo PET da Universidade X¹, a maratona teve sua terceira edição realizada presencialmente na universidade em 2019 e a quarta edição realizada online em 2020. O presente trabalho discute a proposta da A&B e todas as atividades referentes à organização da terceira e da quarta edições, bem como seus resultados e os aprendizados adquiridos pela organização