Educação no trabalho na atenção primária à saúde: interfaces entre a educação permanente em saúde e o agir comunicativo

O trabalho em saúde e a educação no trabalho constituem-se com uma dupla dimensão - ação instrumental e intersubjetividade. OBJETIVO: Analisar as concepções de educação que fundamentam as atividades educativas de trabalhadores da saúde na atenção primária. MÉTODO: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado em duas unidades básicas de saúde do município de São Paulo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada gravada com 36 informantes-chave, representativos de cada categoria profissional dos serviços, incluindo o segmento gerencial e o de trabalhadores da saúde. Os dados foram analisados com a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática com base no quadro teórico: processo de trabalho em saúde, teoria do agir comunicativo, educação continuada (EC), educação permanente em saúde (EPS) e integralidade, os quais permitiram a construção das categorias empíricas: educação instrumental/tradicional e educação comunicativa/emancipatória. Resultados: Os resultados mostram o predomínio da concepção de educação no trabalho como construção coletiva do saber a partir da realidade de trabalho, pertinentes à EPS que se pretende instituir para a mudança das práticas e do modelo assistencial biomédico. Contudo, alguns depoentes expressam uma concepção de educação instrumental com ênfase em ações técnicas e de atualização do saber, que se aproxima da EC. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciam a convivência das duas concepções de educação de trabalhadores - instrumental e comunicativa com o predomínio da segunda, que mostra a capilaridade da política de EPS entre os trabalhadores de saúde das UBS e a necessidade de aprofundar o debate para consolidar a prática educativa no cotidiano de trabalho.Health work and work education are a double dimension - instrumental action and intersubjectivity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptions of education that support educational activities of health care workers in Primary Health Care. METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted in two primary health care units (PHCU) in São Paulo, through semi-structured interviews with 36 key informants representing each professional category, including managers and health care workers. Data were analyzed based on thematic content analysis and on the theoretical framework: the healthcare work process, theory of communicative action, continuing education (CE), permanent education in health (PEH) and integrality (comprehensive approach), which allowed the construction of the empirical categories: instrumental/traditional education and communicative/emancipatory education. RESULTS: The results show the prevailing notion of work education as a collective construction of knowledge from the reality of work, relevant to the PEH that is intended to be introduced in order to change the practices and the biomedical health care model. However, some interviewed subjects expressed an instrumental conception of education that emphasizes technical actions and knowledge updating, which is closer to CE. Conclusion: Results show the coexistence of the two conceptions of workers' education: instrumental and communicative, with the predominance of the second one, which shows the reach of the PEH policy among the health workers of PHCU and the need for deepening the discussion to consolidate educational practice in daily work

Selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) through GYT biplot analysis: a new methodology based on multiple characteristics.

Cowpea bean is a common crop quite appreciated in Brazil. However, it is known that its low yield depending on soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this research is the selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea through GYT biplot analysis. Twelve (12) cowpea bean strains were assessed between 2016 and. The study followed a randomized complete block design, with four repetitions; two commercial cultivars were used ascheck. The following variables were assessed: number of days required for flowering, final stand, value for cultivation, pod yield, pod length, mean number of grains per pod and grain weight. The analysis of variance showed genetic variability between strains, differences between the assessed years and different strain-performance in each growing year. Based on the GYT biplot graph, cultivar BRS Itaim, and strains L9 and L7 recorded the best performance for the set of yield characteristics. Variable ?pod length? had positive correlation to bedding, number of days required for flowering and number of grains per pod. Variable ?100-grain weight? had positive correlation to final stand, pod yield and mean grain weight per pod. Strains L9, L7 and cultivar BRS Itaim recorded the best yield regarding the assessed variables

Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro

On 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation – CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985–2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45–60∘ had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45∘ and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45–60∘, removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster.</p