An Assessment of Civic Engagement and Educational Attainment

It is well documented that individuals with higher levels of education tend to be more civically engaged. In a two-part study conducted for the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), we provide empirical evidence using 1988-2000 panel data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS) that civic engagement might also promote educational attainment: civically-engaged teenagers make greater scholastic progress during high school and subsequently acquire higher levels of education than their otherwise similar peers. Our first essay provides supporting empirical evidence for this relationship in general, and the second essay broadens these findings across gender and race/ethnicity. With regards to policy relevance, the primary results point to the importance of civic participation as one means to foster both social and human capital investments. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide highlights from our two-part study

Spain Country Study

human development, climate change

The impact of the US/Mexico border region and concentrations of Mexican-Americans on Mexican-American earnings

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the determinants of geographic wage differentials as they apply particularly to Mexican-Americans. Two questions are asked. (1) Is there a U.S./Mexico border/nonborder wage differential? (2) Are compensating wage differentials important in the wage structure of Mexican-Americans?;The first question has already been addressed in the literature, but the analysis suggested in this study overcomes some of the potential problems found in earlier studies. The second question analyzes the possibility of compensating wage differentials (in the context of the Hedonic Model) that could be due to either the distance that Mexican-Americans are located from the Mexican border or the concentration of Mexican-Americans in the SMSAs they live in. The major data source used is the 1970 Census of Population data;The findings in this study suggest no evidence of a real or nominal border/nonborder earnings differential when socioeconomic characteristics are controlled for. However, when subdivisions are made on the aggregate data, a nominal earnings differential is found for Mexican-Americans, in particular for Mexican-Americans from the east (this area excludes California SMSAs). This differential, however, disappears when real earnings are studied;This is no clear evidence that compensating wage differentials are important in the wage structure of Mexican-Americans. Distance from the border shows no effect as a compensating differential. The concentration of Mexican-Americans in an SMSA is negative as expected, but there are conflicting interpretations of this result. Specifically, this variable may pick up other noncompensating effects such as discrimination and illegal alien effects;The policy implications of this research would suggest that any program designed to increase earnings along the border may be counterproductive since it would be raising wages which otherwise appear to be in approximate balance. On the other hand, if SMSAs with high concentrations of Mexican-Americans (MA) are used, then future research should be geared to determining the sources of the negative MA effect on earnings

A Computational Study of Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Pulse Detonation Engines

The purpose of this thesis is to use a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics computer code written in FORTRAN 90 for full reaction kinetics, to perform an analysis of the physical processes and chemical phenomena occurring on a single cycle of an ideal Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) using a stoichiometric mixture of H2 and O2. A small zone of high pressure and temperature is used to initiate the detonation wave in the PDE. A simple case with no chemical reactions and the same PDE geometry and “computational spark” is also tested. The speed of the wave relative to the reactants and a comparison with the simple case with no chemical reactions are used to verify the existence of a detonation wave being driven by the combustion of the reactants. The results and behavior of the detonation wave as it propagates through and out of the PDE are compared to those of similar numerical and experimental PDE cases in the literature, to verify the accuracy of the results. The results show that the basic physics and chemical phenomena occurring in the PDE can be modeled using a first order accurate computational code with non-equilibrium kinetics. In future works the accuracy of the code will be increased to six-order in the spatial dimension to be able to model highly structured phenomena such as Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) and fuel injection in supersonic flow for PDE applications

The English-Language Proficiency of Recent Immigrants in the U.S. During the Early 1900s

Using U.S. decennial census data, we find that in 1920, immigrants (particularly those from Southern and Eastern Europe) were more likely to speak the English language within three years of migrating than their counterparts had been in either 1900 or 1910. Our results suggest that the foreign-born reacted to socioeconomic and political events by learning English before or shortly after migrating to the U.S. This study not only provides previously unknown information about immigrants’ English fluency in the early twentieth century, but it also offers empirical insight into the assimilation pressures that certain immigrant groups experienced at the time.

Gender and Business Outcomes of Black and Hispanic New Entrepreneurs in the United States

In light of the growing numbers of women of color in the entrepreneurial sector in the United States, employing public-use microdata from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners, this study finds that new firms owned by black and Hispanic women were more likely to cease operations than those owned by their male counterparts or by non-Hispanic whites, even when controlling for other owner- and firm-level characteristics and labor market conditions. These differences occurred despite the existence of public programs designed to help female and minority entrepreneurs, raising the question of efficiency of the current policy infrastructure in the United States

Improvement of the environmental and economic characteristics of the rotary cooling tower

Heat Transfer Lab report ; no. 80047-99Sponsored by Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation, New York

La gestión de transparencia y la capacidad de innovación organizacional en una municipalidad provincial de Ayacucho, 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar cómo la gestión de transparencia se relaciona con la capacidad de innovación organizacional en una municipalidad provincial de Ayacucho-2022. La metodología empleada corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo. La investigación es de tipo básica, nivel correlacional, diseño no experimental transversal, método hipotético-deductivo. La muestra fue de tipo censal, compuesta por 60 colaboradores municipales provinciales, empleando la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario, diseñado con Google Form y validado por el juicio de tres expertos con un alfa de Cronbach, en la variable gestión de transparencia de 0.957 y en la variable innovación organizacional de 0,979. El análisis descriptivo fue por medio de tablas que distribuyen las frecuencias, adicional a ello tablas cruzadas, donde en el análisis estadístico dichos resultados arrojaron que el 75.0% de colaboradores muestran un alto nivel en gestión de transparencia e innovación organizacional, en el contraste de hipótesis, con r de Pearson, mostró que sí existió relación en la gestión de transparencia con innovación organizacional cuyo valor de Sig. (bilateral) fue 0.000, mostrando relación directa muy significativa (p-valor < 0.01); finalmente se recomendó que los líderes municipales, innoven por medio de una idónea gestión de transparencia