3 research outputs found
Infant gut microbiota modulation by human milk disaccharides in humanized microbiome mice
Human milk glycans present a unique diversity of structures that suggest different mechanisms by which they may affect the infant microbiome development. A humanized mouse model generated by infant fecal transplantation was utilized here to evaluate the impact of fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN), fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc, lacto-N-biose (LNB) and galacto-N-biose on the fecal microbiota and host-microbiota interactions. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that certain bacterial genera significantly increased (Ruminococcus and Oscillospira) or decreased (Eubacterium and Clostridium) in all disaccharide-supplemented groups. Interestingly, cluster analysis differentiates the consumption of fucosyl-oligosaccharides from galactosyl-oligosaccharides, highlighting the disappearance of Akkermansia genus in both fucosyl-oligosaccharides. An increment of the relative abundance of Coprococcus genus was only observed with 3FN. As well, LNB significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, whereas the absolute levels of this genus, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR, did not significantly increase. OTUs corresponding to the species Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Ruminococcus gnavus were not present in the control after the 3-week intervention, but were shared among the donor and specific disaccharide groups, indicating that their survival is dependent on disaccharide supplementation. The 3FN-feeding group showed increased levels of butyrate and acetate in the colon, and decreased levels of serum HDL-cholesterol. 3FN also down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and up-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13, and the Toll-like receptor 2 in the large intestine tissue. The present study revealed that the four disaccharides show efficacy in producing beneficial compositional shifts of the gut microbiota and in addition, the 3FN demonstrated physiological and immunomodulatory roles
Combined kinetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, N-antigenemia and virus-specific antibodies in critically ill adult COVID-19 patients
Combined kinetic analysis of plasma SARSâCoVâ2 RNAemia, Nucleocapsid (N)âantigenemia and virusâspecific antibodies may help ascertain the role of antibodies in preventing virus dissemination in COVIDâ19 patients. We performed this analysis in a cohort of 71 consecutive critically ill COVIDâ19 patients (49 male; median age, 65 years) using RTâPCR assay, lateral flow immunochromatography method and receptor binding domain (RBD) and Nâbased immunoassays. A total of 338 plasma specimens collected at a median of 12 days after symptoms onset were available for analyses. SARSâ CoVâ2 RNAemia and Nâantigenemia were detected in 37 and 43 specimens from 26 (36.5%) and 30 (42.2%) patients, respectively. Free RNA was the main biological form of SARSâCoVâ2 found in plasma. The detection rate for both viral components was associated with viral load at the upper respiratory tract. Median time to SARSâCoVâ2âRBD antibody detection was 14 days (range, 4-38) from onset of symptoms. Decreasing antibody levels were observed in parallel to increasing levels of both RNAemia and Nâantigenemia, yet overall a fairly modest inverse correlation (Rho = â0.35; P < 0.001) was seen between virus RNAemia and SARSâCoVâ2âRBD antibody levels. The data cast doubts on a major involvement of antibodies in virus clearance from the bloodstream within the timeframe examined