366 research outputs found
A Toolkit to assess health needs for congenital disorders in low- and middle-income countries: an instrument for public health action.
BACKGROUND: In 2010 the World Health Assembly called for action to improve the care and prevention of congenital disorders, noting that technical guidance would be required for this task, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Responding to this call, we have developed a freely available web-accessible Toolkit for assessing health needs for congenital disorders. METHODS: Materials for the Toolkit website (http://toolkit.phgfoundation.org) were prepared by an iterative process of writing, discussion and modification by the project team, with advice from external experts. A customized database was developed using epidemiological, demographic, socio-economic and health-services data from a range of validated sources. Document-processing and data integration software combines data from the database with a template to generate topic- and country-specific Calculator documents for quantitative analysis. RESULTS: The Toolkit guides users through selection of topics (including both clinical conditions and relevant health services), assembly and evaluation of qualitative and quantitative information, assessment of the potential effects of selected interventions, and planning and prioritization of actions to reduce the risk or prevalence of congenital disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The Toolkit enables users without epidemiological or public health expertise to undertake health needs assessment as a prerequisite for strategic planning in relation to congenital disorders in their country or region
Value-at-risk forecasting of the CARBS Indices
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to use calibrated univariate GARCH family models to forecast volatility and value at risk (VaR) of the CARBS indices and a global minimum variance portfolio (GMVP) constructed using the CARBS equity indices. the reliability of the different volatility forecasts are tested using the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean squared error (MSE). The rolling forecast of VaR is tested using a back-testing procedure. The results indicate that the use of a rolling forecast from a GARCH model when estimating VaR for the CARBS indices and the GMVP is not a reliable method
Lambda Polarization in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC
We discuss Lambda polarization in semi-inclusive proton-proton collisions,
with one of the protons longitudinally polarized. The hyperfine interaction
responsible for the - and - mass splittings gives
rise to flavor asymmetric fragmentation functions and to sizable polarized
non-strange fragmentation functions. We predict large positive Lambda
polarization in polarized proton-proton collisions at large rapidities of the
produced Lambda, while other models, based on SU(3) flavor symmetric
fragmentation functions, predict zero or negative Lambda polarization. The
effect of and decays is also discussed. Forthcoming
experiments at RHIC will be able to differentiate between these predictions.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of Spin Transfer Observables in Antiproton-Proton -> Antilambda-Lambda at 1.637 GeV/c
Spin transfer observables for the strangeness-production reaction
Antiproton-Proton -> Antilambda-Lambda have been measured by the PS185
collaboration using a transversely-polarized frozen-spin target with an
antiproton beam momentum of 1.637 GeV/c at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring at
CERN. This measurement investigates observables for which current models of the
reaction near threshold make significantly differing predictions. Those models
are in good agreement with existing measurements performed with unpolarized
particles in the initial state. Theoretical attention has focused on the fact
that these models produce conflicting predictions for the spin-transfer
observables D_{nn} and K_{nn}, which are measurable only with polarized target
or beam. Results presented here for D_{nn} and K_{nn} are found to be in
disagreement with predictions from existing models. These results also
underscore the importance of singlet-state production at backward angles, while
current models predict complete or near-complete triplet-state dominance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Parton Distributions for the Octet and Decuplet Baryons
We calculate the parton distributions for both polarized and unpolarized
octet and decuplet baryons, using the MIT bag, dressed by mesons. We show that
the hyperfine interaction responsible for the and splittings leads to large deviations from SU(3) and SU(6) predictions.
For the we find significant polarized, non-strange parton
distributions which lead to a sizable polarization in polarized,
semi-inclusive scattering. We also discuss the flavour symmetry violation
arising from the meson-cloud associated with the chiral structure of baryons.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figure
Illegal Killing of Nongame Wildlife and Recreational Shooting in Conservation Areas
Illegal killing of nongame wildlife is a global yet poorly documented problem. The prevalence and ecological consequences of illegal killing are often underestimated or completely unknown. We review the practice of legal recreational shooting and present data gathered from telemetry, surveys, and observations on its association with illegal killing of wildlife (birds and snakes) within conservation areas in Idaho, USA. In total, 33% of telemetered longâbilled curlews (Numenius americanus) and 59% of other bird carcasses found with known cause of death (or 32% of total) were illegally shot. Analysis of spatial distributions of illegal and legal shooting is consistent with birds being shot illegally in the course of otherwise legal recreational shooting, but snakes being intentionally sought out and targeted elsewhere, in locations where they congregate. Preliminary public surveys indicate that most recreational shooters find abhorrent the practice of illegal killing of wildlife. Viewed through this lens, our data may imply only a small fraction of recreational shooters is responsible for this activity. This study highlights a poorly known conservation problem that could have broad implications for some species and populations of wildlife
Structure and Production of Lambda Baryons
We discuss the quark parton structure of the baryon and the
fragmentation of quarks into baryons. We show that the hyperfine
interaction, responsible for the - and - mass
splittings, leads not only to sizeable SU(3) and SU(6) symmetry breaking in the
quark distributions of the , but also to significant polarized
non-strange quark distributions. The same arguments suggest flavor asymmetric
quark fragmentation functions and non-zero polarized non-strange quark
fragmentation functions. The calculated fragmentation functions give a good
description of all measured observables. We predict significant positive
polarization in semi-inclusive DIS experiments while models based on
SU(3) flavor symmetry predict zero or negative polarization. Our
approach also provides a natural explanation for the dependence of the maximum
of the spectrum on the mass of the particles produced in
annihilation.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, minor change
Semi-Classical Description of Antiproton Capture on Atomic Helium
A semi-classical, many-body atomic model incorporating a momentum-dependent
Heisenberg core to stabilize atomic electrons is used to study antiproton
capture on Helium. Details of the antiproton collisions leading to eventual
capture are presented, including the energy and angular momentum states of
incident antiprotons which result in capture via single or double electron
ionization, i.e. into [He or He], and the
distribution of energy and angular momentum states following the Auger cascade.
These final states are discussed in light of recently reported, anomalously
long-lived antiproton states observed in liquid He.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures may be obtained from authors, Revte
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