Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Considerations for the development of innovative foods to improve nutrition in older adults

The population of older adults is growing globally. This increase has led to an accumulation of chronic illnesses, so-called age-related diseases. Diet and nutrition are considered the main drivers of the global burden of diseases, and this situation applies especially to this population segment. It relates directly to the development of coronary heart disease, hypertension, some types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes, among other diseases, while age-associated changes in body composition (bone and muscle mass, fat, sarcopenia) constitute risk factors for functional limitations affecting health status and the quality of life. Older adults present eating and swallowing problems, dry mouth, taste loss, and anorexia among other problems causing “anorexia of aging” that affects their nutritional status. The strategies to overcome these situations are described in this study. The impact of oral food processing on nutrition is discussed, as well as approaches to improve food acceptance through the design of innovative foods. These foods should supply a growing demand as this group represents an increasing segment of the consumer market globally, whose needs must be fulfilled

Differences in lipogenesis and lipolysis in obese and non-obese adult human adipocytes

It has been proposed that differences in adipocyte function and/or metabolism between obese and lean individuals may manifest themselves in functional adipose tissue abnormalities that lead to metabolic disorders in obesity. We studied lipogenesis and lipolysis of omental adipocytes from obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) humans. The specific activity of the lipogenic marker enzyme G3PDH was 50% lower in total adipocytes of OB compared to that of NOB subjects. Omental adipocytes From OB subjects also had lower basal lipolytic levels, and a lower lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic stimulus. Cholesterol depletion of adipocyte plasma membrane using methyl b-cyclodextrin caused a lipolytic effect on adipocytes of both groups together. but when obese and lean subjects were analyzed separately, the response was significant only in the obese. We present evidence of a different lipogenic and lipolytic profile in obese individuals' omental adipocytes, and propose a relevant role of plasma membrane cholesterol, where the impact of its removal in OB an NOB adipocyte lipolysis differs.Supported by grants from DI-U de Chile (Nºs Mult 04/06-2 to C. Rojas and I-04/01- 2 to M. Cifuentes), and FONDECYT (Nº 1070632 to C. Rojas, Nº1080232 to M. Cifuentes)

Disability-free life expectancy and life expectancy in good self-rated health in Chile: Gender differences and compression of morbidity between 2009 and 2016

Background Chile has one of the highest life expectancies at 60 years in South America. This study was aimed to determine healthy life expectancies among Chilean older people, according to self-rated health and disability, and to explore gender differences. Methods Data from the National Survey of Health (2009 and 2016) were used to estimate prevalence of less than good self-rated health and disability among people aged 60 years and above. Health expectancies were calculated with the Sullivan method. Results In both years, women expected to live a lower proportion of their life expectancy in good self-rated health (54.5% [95% CI 50.0-58.8] for men and 37.6% [95% CI 34.3-40.8] for women in 2009; 46.1% [95% CI 42.6-49.7] for men and 38.5% [95% CI 35.6-41.4] for women in 2016). Life expectancy in less than good self-rated health increased for men (9.4 years [95% CI 8.4-10.3] in 2009; 11.5 years [95% CI 10.7-12.2]). Women expected to live a lower proportion of their remaining life without disabilities (65.3% [95% CI 61.2-69.4] for men and 44.9% [95% CI 41.9-47.9] for women in 2009; 71.9% [95% CI 68.7-75.0] for men and 61.1% [95% CI 58.5-63.8] for women in 2016). In 2016, disability-free life expectancy increased among women, but they still had a higher life expectancy with mild disability (2.8 years [95% CI 2.3-3.4] for men and 6.0 years [95% CI 5.4-6.7] for women). Conclusions Women expected to spend more years in less than good self-rated health and disabled. There was an expansion of life expectancy in less than good SRH among men and a compression of disability in both sexes. The high proportion of years expected to be lived in less than good self-rated health and gender differences in disability-free life expectancy of older adults should be addressed by public health policies in Chile.Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 319005

Efecto de las Vacaciones de Verano en la Composición Corporal de Adultos Mayores, Insuficiencia del Índice de Masa Corporal para Detectar Cambios Durante un Período Crítico: Un Estudio Piloto

Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. Obesity prevalence in Chilean older adults (OA) is increasing, associated with several negative health outcomes. Therefore, determining critical periods of adiposity increase is relevant in OA. The aim of the study was to assess body composition changes in OA during summer holidays. This observational study involved two test visits, without a control group. Twelve OA (9 females) with an average age of 71.92±6.97 years participated in an initial evaluation (E1) and final evaluation (E2) at the beginning and at the end of the summer in 2015. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed; fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and muscular mass (MM) data were collected through foot-to-foot bioimpedance analysis. No significant variations were reported in weight and BMI between E1 and E2. This prevalence was maintained between E1 and E2. The FM significantly increased between E1 (27.63±10.91) and E2 (28.64±11.39) (p= 0.007), while the FFM significantly decreased between E1 (45.38±5.89) and E2 (44.33±5.36) (P= 0.006), also the MM between E1 (43.08±5.62) and E2 (42.07±5.10). Both, weight and BMI are insufficient measures for detecting changes during this critical summer holiday period. However, the body composition measures identified significant changes in the OA during the study

Measuring change in perceived well being of family caregivers: validation of the spanish version of the perceived change index (PCI-S) in Chilean dementia caregivers

ObjectiveFew instruments evaluate family caregiver perceptions of challenges caring for persons with dementia and improvement or worsening in these areas. To address this measurement gap, we examine psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index (PCI-S), originally validated with English-speaking caregivers. MethodsCross-sectional study with 94 caregivers of persons with mild to moderate dementia in Chile. Interviews included caregiver demographics, burden, health perception, distress with behaviours, dementia severity, behavioural symptoms and functionality. ResultsCaregiver mean age was 55.9 (SD14.14) years and mean years caregiving was 3 (SD +/- 2.60). The scale had strong internal consistency (Cronbach =0.94), and inter-observer consistency (CCI=0.99; 95% CI=0.95-0.99). Two factors were identified: Management skills (=0.89), and somatic well-being and affects (=0.92), explaining 63% of scale variance. Significant associations supporting convergent validity were observed for PCI-S and subscales with caregiver burden (p<0.01), health perceptions (p<0.01), depressive symptoms (p<0.01) and distress with behaviours (p<0.01); and in persons with dementia, functionality (p<0.05), dementia severity (p<0.05) and behavioural symptoms (p<0.01) in expected directions. In logistic regression models, perceived worsening (PCI-S and subscale scores) was associated with more behavioural symptoms (OR=1.07; 95% CI=1.03-1.15) and caregiver burden (OR=1.48; 95% CI=1.18-1.86); whereas perceived improvement was associated with higher physical functioning (OR=0.95; 95% CI=0.91-0.99) in persons with dementia. PCI-S scores were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics reflecting divergent validity. ConclusionsSpanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index and its two-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure with clinical utility to detect improvement or worsening in caregivers concerning daily care challenges.Chilean National Fund for Research in Science and Technology FONDECYT 1130947 National Institute on Aging R01AG041781 R01AG04969