Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Investasi Asing terhadap Industri Hiburan Malam di Kota Batam (2008-2012)

This research is about how the impact of globalization in a Semi Phery-Phery State. The problems taken by the writer is trying to find the links and impacts happening of foreign investment with night club industries in Batam City.This research uses Paul R. Viotti and Mark V. Kauppis Theory, which the distribution of power and profits, The Semi Phery-Phery States get profits less than The Core States. As a result of the dependency relationship then emerging national policy influenced the political power of the capitalist. In addition, this study also uses Marjorie Fergusons Theory, which essentially has turned globalization into in asset that caused change or loss local identity. The most sources of data collection on this research is qualitative research methods with using the library research technique, observation and interview.This research shows the impact of capitalism , specifically relationship between foreign investment that supports the globalization of western culture in the city of Batam . The habits of the expatriates and tourists in Batam make night club industries grow fast, and the influence has received support from local residents that prostitution can not be avoided .Keywords :The Ethics of Expatriate and Tourism Development: Geographies Strategic , Mobility, Night club and Prostitutio

The Effects of Milling on the Characteristics of Solid Didanosin

Application of mechanical energy in a solid crystalline can cause damage to the crystal and will affect the physicochemical properties of these solids. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of milling on the characteristics of solids didanosin (2',3'-dideoxyinosine or DDI). The milling of DDI was performed using Retsch mortar grinder RM 100 for 15 and 30 minutes. Characterization was carried out using X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) methods. The relative crystallinity index was determined by X-ray powder diffraction method. Solvent solubility test was performed in water to observe the effects of mechanical milling on the physicochemical properties. Diffractogram of DDI shows several major peaks and the maximum intensity is observed at the 2θ angle of 6.0º and was used to calculate the relative crystallinity index. Milling of the DDI does not change the positions of the 2θ reflection angles, but has reduced the peak intensity at those particular angles by a factor of up to 40.8% and 30.4%, respectively. DSC thermogram of DDI shows the appearance of two endothermic peaks at 179.5 ºC, which is the melting point of the DDI, and at 285.0 ºC, as well as the appearance of one exothermic peak at 183 ºC. The melting point of the DDI is slightly shifted to 180.2 ºC and 176.9 ºC after milling for 15 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. SEM photomicrographs shows that the size of DDI decreases with milling time. FTIR spectrum shows no shift in wave number of the clusters in DDI after milling. The solubility of the DDI increases after 15 and 30 minutes of milling, from 24.83 ± 0.73 to 30.25 ± 0 : 18 and 0 : 33 ± 33.76 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore milling, in addition to causing an increase in the surface area, has also caused some crystals to become amorphous, thus increases the DDI's solubility in water

Superconductivity and hybrid soft modes in TiSe2_2

The competition between superconductivity and other ground states of solids is one of the challenging topics in condensed matter physics. Apart from high-temperature superconductors [1,2] this interplay also plays a central role in the layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, where superconductivity is stabilized by suppressing charge-density-wave order to zero temperature by intercalation [3] or applied pressure [4-7]. 1T-TiSe$_2$ forms a prime example, featuring superconducting domes on intercalation as well as under applied pressure. Here, we present high energy-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the CDW soft phonon mode in intercalated Cu$_x$TiSe$_2$ and pressurized 1T-TiSe$_2$ along with detailed ab-initio calculations for the lattice dynamical properties and phonon-mediated superconductivity. We find that the intercalation-induced superconductivity can be explained by a solely phonon-mediated pairing mechanism, while this is not possible for the superconducting phase under pressure. We argue that a hybridization of phonon and exciton modes in the pairing mechanism is necessary to explain the full observed temperature-pressure-intercalation phase diagram. These results indicate that 1T-TiSe$_2$ under pressure is close to the elusive state of the excitonic insulator

Kelarutan dan Stabilitas Kimia Kompleks Didanosin dengan Nikotinamid atau L-arginin

KELARUTAN DAN STABILITAS KIMIA KOMPLEKS DIDANOSIN DENGAN NIKOTINAMID ATAU L-ARGININ. Didanosin (DDI) adalah obat anti HIV yang bekerja dengan menghambat enzim reverse transkriptase yang bertanggung jawab dalam replikasi virus HIV. Ketersediaan hayati DDI pada pemberian secara oral sangat buruk akibat terhidrolisis dalam suasana asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembentukan kompleks antara DDI dengan NKT atau ARG terhadap kelarutan dan stabilitas kimia DDI. Kompleks DDI-NKT dibuat dengan metode slurry menggunakan pelarut campuran etanol:air (7:3), sedangkan kompleks DDI-ARG dibuat dengan metode penguapan pelarut menggunakan pelarut yang sama. Karakterisasi kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG meliputi, analisis dengan mikroskop polarisasi, difraksi sinar-X serbuk, uji kelarutan, dan stabilitas kimia pada larutan dapar pH 1,2; 4,5 dan 6,8 di suhu 37 °C. Karakterisasi dengan mikroskop polarisasi dan difraksi sinar-X serbuk menunjukkan terbentuknya kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG. Kelarutan kompleks DDI-ARG dan DDI-NKT dalam air berturut-turut 1,86 dan 4,54 kali lipat dari kelarutan DDI murni. Hasil uji stabilitas kimia menunjukkan larutan kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG mengalami degradasi lebih lambat daripada DDI murni pada pH 1,2; 4,5; dan 6,8 di suhu 37°C. Hubungan linier antara pH terhadap logaritma tetapan laju degradasi (log kobs) menunjukkan, bahwa degradasi kompleks DDI-NKT, DDI-ARG, dan DDI pada pH 1,2 hingga 6,8 dikatalisis oleh asam spesifik. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa pembentukan kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan stabilitas kimia DDI

Prognostic factors in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma: effects of pretreatment clinical and laboratory characteristics

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various pretreatment clinical and laboratory characteristics on the survival of patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (DMPM). One hundred histopathologically confirmed DMPM patients were evaluated. Fifty-nine were treated with chemoimmunotherapy, while 41 who had refused chemoimmunotherapy received supportive therapy alone. The following pretreatment characteristics were evaluated in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses: age, gender, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), histology, asbestos exposure, presence of chest pain, dyspnoea, weight loss, symptom duration, smoking history, disease location, platelet count, haemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and extent of disease (stage). Univariate analysis showed that patients with age ≥75 years, male gender, smoking history, advanced stages above stage I disease, KPS <70, WBC count ≥8450 and LDH level ≥500 IU l−1have a worse prognosis. With multivariate Cox regression analyses, age ≥75 years, advanced stages above stage I disease, KPS <70 and LDH level ≥500 IU l−1were found to be indicators of a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, in our study each of low performance status, older age, advanced stage disease, high LDH level and prognosis were found to be related

X-ray Scattering Study of the spin-Peierls transition and soft phonon behavior in TiOCl

We have studied the S=1/2 quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet TiOCl using single crystal x-ray diffraction and inelastic x-ray scattering techniques. The Ti ions form staggered spin chains which dimerize below Tc1 = 66 K and have an incommensurate lattice distortion between Tc1 and Tc2 = 92 K. Based on our measurements of the intensities, wave vectors, and harmonics of the incommensurate superlattice peaks, we construct a model for the incommensurate modulation. The results are in good agreement with a soliton lattice model, though some quantitative discrepancies exist near Tc2. The behavior of the phonons has been studied using inelastic x-ray scattering with ~2 meV energy resolution. For the first time, a zone boundary phonon which softens at the spin-Peierls temperature Tsp has been observed. Our results show reasonably good quantitative agreement with the Cross-Fisher theory for the phonon dynamics at wave vectors near the zone boundary and temperatures near Tsp. However, not all aspects of the data can be described, such as the strong overdamping of the soft mode above Tsp. Overall, our results show that TiOCl is a good realization of a spin-Peierls system, where the phonon softening allows us to identify the transition temperature as Tsp=Tc2=92 KComment: 14 pages, 14 figure

Electron-Phonon Coupling and the Soft Phonon Mode in TiSe2_2

We report high-resolution inelastic x-ray measurements of the soft phonon mode in the charge-density-wave compound TiSe$_2$. We observe a complete softening of a transverse optic phonon at the L point, i.e. q = (0.5, 0, 0.5), at T ~ T_{CDW}. Renormalized phonon energies are observed over a large wavevector range $(0.3, 0, 0.5) \le \mathbf{q} \le (0.5, 0, 0.5)$. Detailed ab-initio calculations for the electronic and lattice dynamical properties of TiSe2 are in quantitative agreement with experimental frequencies for the phonon branch involving the soft mode. The observed broad range of renormalized phonon frequencies is directly related to a broad peak in the electronic susceptibility stabilizing the charge-density-wave ordered state. Our analysis demonstrates that a conventional electron-phonon coupling mechanism can explain a structural instability and the charge-density-wave order in TiSe_2 although other mechanisms might further boost the transition temperature