The Upsurge of Memory in the Case of Haul: a Problem of Islamic Historiography in Indonesia

This essay investigates the reasons behind the proliferation of haul celebrations in Indonesia. The study focuses on the construction of haul as a ritual forging collective memory among a particular group of people in the Muslim community. The writer adopts Pierre Nora's theory of the upsurge of memory which is caused by the acceleration and democratization of history. These two factors bring about the construction of an object which forms the passage of memory among those attending haul. It will be argued that the haul is a social construction by a noble community to demonstrate its existence and domination over others in the Muslim community. It will also be argued that the haul was a reaction towards modernity in the Muslim world and the rise of alternative historiography. The influential position of the aristocracy was based on the construction of collective memory of the people in haul celebrations, which are held all over Indonesia

Effect of weathering on disintegration and shear strength reduction of clay shale

Frequent and strong atmosphere and hydrosphere reactions accelerate weathering of clay shale. This study was carried out to determine the effects of frequent natural drying and wetting-drying cycles on clay shales in every 8 days until the value of disintegration ratio, DR reached zero (completely non-durable). Clay shale samples from Semarang-Bawen and Hambalang were tested in the laboratory under four circumstances: (1) without soaking, (2) soaked once in every 8 days, (3) soaked 2 times in every 8 day and (4) soaked 3 times in every 8 days. Disintegration ratio, DR was obtained from the change in grain size distribution of the clay shale due to weathering. Reductions in shear strength of the samples were observed after subjected to wetting-drying cycles. The DR of Semarang-Bawen clay shale reached zero after 32 days, while the DR of Hambalang clay shale showed a range of values between 0.09 and 0.147 on the 80th day. Wetting-drying cycles showed greater impact than natural drying on shear strength parameters reduction. Triaxial tests could only be performed on samples from Semarang-Bawen and Hambalang which were exposed to wetting-drying cycles up to 24 and 32 days of test, respectively beyond which the samples completely disintegrated

Anharmonic oscillation effect on the Davydov-Scott monomer in thermal bath

The dynamics of Davydov-Scott monomer in a thermal bath with higher order amide-site's displacement leads to anharmonic oscillation effect is investigated using full-quantum approach and the Lindblad formulation of master equation. The specific heat is calculated based on the thermodynamic partition function using the path integral method. The temperature dependence of the specific heat is studied. In the model the specific heat anomaly as pointed out in recent works by Ingold et.al is also observed. However it is found that the anomaly occurs at high temperature region, and the anharmonic oscillation restores the positivity of specific heat.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Kelarutan dan Stabilitas Kimia Kompleks Didanosin dengan Nikotinamid atau L-arginin

KELARUTAN DAN STABILITAS KIMIA KOMPLEKS DIDANOSIN DENGAN NIKOTINAMID ATAU L-ARGININ. Didanosin (DDI) adalah obat anti HIV yang bekerja dengan menghambat enzim reverse transkriptase yang bertanggung jawab dalam replikasi virus HIV. Ketersediaan hayati DDI pada pemberian secara oral sangat buruk akibat terhidrolisis dalam suasana asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembentukan kompleks antara DDI dengan NKT atau ARG terhadap kelarutan dan stabilitas kimia DDI. Kompleks DDI-NKT dibuat dengan metode slurry menggunakan pelarut campuran etanol:air (7:3), sedangkan kompleks DDI-ARG dibuat dengan metode penguapan pelarut menggunakan pelarut yang sama. Karakterisasi kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG meliputi, analisis dengan mikroskop polarisasi, difraksi sinar-X serbuk, uji kelarutan, dan stabilitas kimia pada larutan dapar pH 1,2; 4,5 dan 6,8 di suhu 37 °C. Karakterisasi dengan mikroskop polarisasi dan difraksi sinar-X serbuk menunjukkan terbentuknya kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG. Kelarutan kompleks DDI-ARG dan DDI-NKT dalam air berturut-turut 1,86 dan 4,54 kali lipat dari kelarutan DDI murni. Hasil uji stabilitas kimia menunjukkan larutan kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG mengalami degradasi lebih lambat daripada DDI murni pada pH 1,2; 4,5; dan 6,8 di suhu 37°C. Hubungan linier antara pH terhadap logaritma tetapan laju degradasi (log kobs) menunjukkan, bahwa degradasi kompleks DDI-NKT, DDI-ARG, dan DDI pada pH 1,2 hingga 6,8 dikatalisis oleh asam spesifik. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa pembentukan kompleks DDI-NKT dan DDI-ARG dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan stabilitas kimia DDI

Intrinsic Localized Modes Observed in the High Temperature Vibrational Spectrum of NaI

Inelastic neutron measurements of the high-temperature lattice excitations in NaI show that in thermal equilibrium at 555 K an intrinsic mode, localized in three dimensions, occurs at a single frequency near the center of the spectral phonon gap, polarized along [111]. At higher temperatures the intrinsic localized mode gains intensity. Higher energy inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering measurements on a room-temperature NaI crystal indicate that the creation energy of the ground state of the intrinsic localized mode is 299 meV.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures Revised version; final versio

Influence of Magnetism on Phonons in CaFe2As2 Via Inelastic X-ray Scattering

In the iron pnictides, the strong sensitivity of the iron magnetic moment to the arsenic position suggests a significant relationship between phonons and magnetism. We measured the phonon dispersion of several branches in the high temperature tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 using inelastic x-ray scattering on single-crystal samples. These measurements were compared to ab initio calculations of the phonons. Spin polarized calculations imposing the antiferromagnetic order present in the low temperature orthorhombic phase dramatically improve agreement between theory and experiment. This is discussed in terms of the strong antiferromagnetic correlations that are known to persist in the tetragonal phase.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; added additional information and references about spin fluctuation

Three level spinal dysraphism: Multiple composite Type 1 and Type 2 split cord malformat?on

It has reported an uncommon case a 3 year-old girl a composite split cord malformation (SCM) with two different levels of SCM type1 and one level SCM type2, tight filum and sacral dermal sinus. The patient was admitted with a hypertrichosis and hyperpigmented patch. MRI of whole spine and brain was done. SCM type1 at T 7 and L2 levels and SCM typ2 at T11 level were removed then tight filum was cut and dermal sinus was excised at different sites during the same surgery

Prognostic factors in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma: effects of pretreatment clinical and laboratory characteristics

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various pretreatment clinical and laboratory characteristics on the survival of patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (DMPM). One hundred histopathologically confirmed DMPM patients were evaluated. Fifty-nine were treated with chemoimmunotherapy, while 41 who had refused chemoimmunotherapy received supportive therapy alone. The following pretreatment characteristics were evaluated in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses: age, gender, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), histology, asbestos exposure, presence of chest pain, dyspnoea, weight loss, symptom duration, smoking history, disease location, platelet count, haemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and extent of disease (stage). Univariate analysis showed that patients with age ≥75 years, male gender, smoking history, advanced stages above stage I disease, KPS <70, WBC count ≥8450 and LDH level ≥500 IU l−1have a worse prognosis. With multivariate Cox regression analyses, age ≥75 years, advanced stages above stage I disease, KPS <70 and LDH level ≥500 IU l−1were found to be indicators of a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, in our study each of low performance status, older age, advanced stage disease, high LDH level and prognosis were found to be related