A General Look at Women Taking Shelters: What are they living through? What can we do?

Şiddet, en fazla kadınların maruz kaldığı önemli bir toplumsal sorundur. Şiddete uğrayan kadınlara yönelik müdahale hizmetlerinden biri kadın sığınmaevleridir. Bu araştırmada, sığınmaevinde kalan kadınların sosyodemografik özellikler, yaşadıkları şiddet ve köken aileleriyle ilişkili durumsal saptama yapmayı ve analiz sonuçlarına göre uygulanabilecek ek sosyal destek ve koruyucu önlemleri araştırmayı planladık. Ankara Kadın Sığınmaevlerinde barınmakta olan 46 olgu ile yüz yüze görüşülerek, sosyodemografik form, SCID-1 ve Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (CTQ-28) uygulandı. Olguların yaş ortalaması 31.46±8.36 yıldır. CTQ-28 ile %75'inde duygusal, %65.4'ünde fiziksel ve %51.9'unda cinsel istismar, %69.2'sinde fiziksel ve %55.8'inde duygusal ihmal öyküsü saptandı. Olguların %28.8'inin annesinde, %36.5'inin babasında ve %15.4'ünün kardeşinde şiddet davranışı bulunmaktaydı. Evlilik süresi 10.52±9.96 yıl, evlilik yaşı 18.48±4.29 ve evliyken şiddete maruz kalma süresi ortalama 11.44±8.27 yıldır. Olguların %96.2'si fiziksel, %84.6'sı duygusal, %92.3'ü sözel, %25'i cinsel ve %78.8'i ekonomik şiddete maruz kaldığı, %65.4'ünün gebelikte de şiddete gördüğü ve %35.3'ünün gebeliğinin şiddetten etkilendiğini saptanmıştır. Olguların %54.2'sinde intihar girişimi öyküsü ve en fazla (%65.4) majör depresyon birincil tanısı saptandı. Mevcut bulgularımız ile sığınmaevine başvuran şiddet mağduru kadınların çocukluklarından beri şiddetle karşı karşıya kaldığı, ailelerinden yeterli sosyal ve ekonomik destek alamadıkları ve yaşadıkları travma ile çeşitli ruhsal rahatsızlıklar yaşadıkları söylenebilir. Bireysel güçlendirme, destekleme, gerekli koşullarda psikiyatrist başvurularının ve farmakoterapi tedavilerinin sağlanması, grup ve bireysel terapilerin yapılması sığınmaevlerinden ayrılana kadar kadınların psikolojik güçlenmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır. Öte yandan kadınlara eğitim- meslek geliştirme ve çalışma imkanlarının sağlanması kadınların sığınmaevlerinden çıktıktan sonra yaşantılarının sürdürmelerini kolaylaştıracaktır. (Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi 2016; .:...-...)Violence is an important social issue to which the women are exposed the most. Women shelters are one of the responsive services for the women experiencing violence. In this research, we planned to make situational detection on socio-demographic characteristics and the properties related to the violence they experienced and origin families for the women taking shelters and search for feasible additional social support and protective precautions in light of the analysis. By interviewing 46 cases living in Ankara Women Shelter face to face, a socio-demographic form, SCID-1, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) were applied. The average age of cases is 31.46±8.36 years. By CTQ-28, it is detected emotional in 75%, physical in 65.4% and sexual abuse in 51%, other than that 69.2% physical and 55.8% emotional neglect story. There were behavior of violence in mothers of 28.8%, fathers of 36.5% and siblings of 15.4% of the cases. Duration of marriages 10.52±9.96 years, marriage age is 18.48±4.29 years and the average duration of getting exposed to violence in their marriage is 11.44±8.27 years. It is declared that the cases were exposed to 96.2% physical, 84.6% emotional, 92.3% verbal, 25% sexual and 78.8% economical violence, 65.4% of them experienced violence also in pregnancy and for 35.3% pregnancy was effected from the violence. In 54.2% of the cases there were detected suicide attempt history and the most (65.4%) has major depression as a primary diagnosis. It can be said with our current findings that the women taking shelters has been facing violence since their childhood, couldn’t get enough economical and social support from their families and experienced several mental illnesses with their trauma. Individual strengthening, supporting, providing the psychiatrist applications and pharmacotherapy treatments in necessary conditions, applying group and individual therapies will provide women to be strengthened psychologically until they leave the shelters. On the other hand, providing educational-professional development and labor facilities will enable women to survive after they leave the shelter. (Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research 2016; .:…-…

The role of the mean platelet volume and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in peritonsillar abscesses,

Abstract Introduction: Peritonsillar abscess is a serious infectious disease of the tonsillar tissue. Treatment generally requires both medical and surgical approaches to relieve the symptoms. Recently, in addition to clinical follow-up, some inflammatory markers, such as the mean platelet volume and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, have been considered to be additional inflammatory monitoring markers in inflammatory diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the role of mean platelet volume and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with peritonsillar abscess. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 88 patients with peritonsillar abscess and 88 healthy individuals. We analyzed the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, C-reactive protein, mean platelet volume and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values and compared them among the patient and control groups. Results: The mean platelet volume levels were significantly higher in the peritonsillar abscess pretreatment group than in the peritonsillar abscess posttreatment group and the control group. A mean platelet volume value of 8.7 was the optimal cut-off value for evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 75%, 65.9%, 68% and 72%, respectively. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels were significantly higher in the peritonsillar abscess pretreatment group than in the peritonsillar abscess post-treatment group and the control group. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio value of 3.08 was the optimal cut-off value for evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 90.9%, 90.9%, 90.9% and 90.9%, respectively. While the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and C-reactive protein values were significantly different among the patient and control groups (p 0.05). Conclusion: The mean platelet volume and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values made us think that these parameters were quick, inexpensive and reliable inflammatory follow-up parameters and could be easily integrated into daily practice for peritonsillar abscess treatment except platelet count