The Translation Flow of Arabic Novels into English Over Time

The discipline of Translation Studies has been criticized for being limited to only Euro-American perspectives and cultures, and thus scholars have called for expanding the scope of study beyond the Western conceptualizations of translation. This paper attempts to fill that void in the knowledge of the translation archaeology of Arabic novels translated into English. It creates an up-to-date bibliography of Arabic novels translated into English published worldwide across three decades (1988–2018) by consulting the US Library of Congress global union library catalogue and Good­reads. The collected materials are presented across two major historical periods: the post-Nobel Prize phase (1988–August 2001) and the post-9/11 phase (September 2001–2018). The bibliography includes 277 translated Arabic novels. It identifies the main actors involved in the process of translation, namely the authors, translators, and publishers. In addition to the quantitative analysis of this bibliographical data, this study adopts a comprehensive model by Allen (1995) to apply qualitative analysis to identify the topics being selected for translation into English. The study reveals that an increase in the number of translated works does not necessarily correlate with a greater understanding of the source text culture. In fact, increased translation flows can signal a reinforcement of known cultural stereotypes in the target culture

Correcting hypokalaemia in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome through oral dose of potassium chloride intravenous solution.

Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia is defined as low serum potassium concentration ˂3.5 mmol/L, which may lead to arrhythmia and death if left untreated. The aim of this case report was to normalize serum potassium concentration without the need for intravenous intervention. A 5-month-old male of 2.7 kg body weight diagnosed with Bartter syndrome was admitted to the general paediatric ward with acute severe hypokalaemia and urinary tract infection. The main challenge was the inability to administer drugs through intravenous route due to compromised body size. Therefore, we shifted the route of administration to the nasogastric tube/oral route. A total of 2 mL of concentrated intravenous potassium chloride (4 mEq potassium) were dissolved in distilled water and administered through nasogastric tube. Serum potassium concentration was rapidly normalized, which culminated in patient discharge. In conclusion, shifting drug administration from intravenous to oral route in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome includes numerous advantages such as patient convenience, minimized risk of cannula-induced infection, and reduced nurse workload

Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students: an Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis

This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer on Arabic ESL learners\u27 acquisition of the relative clauses, the passive voice and the definite article. I used Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) to analyze 50 papers written by Arabic ESL students at the ACTFL Advanced Mid proficiency level. The analysis was paired with interviews with five advanced students to help determine whether L1 transfer was, in fact, influencing students\u27 errors predicted by CA. Students in this study made L1 errors along with other errors. Although no statistical difference was found between the frequency of transfer and other (non-transfer) errors, L1 transfer errors were still common for many learners in this data. The frequency of the relative clause L1 transfer errors was slightly higher than other errors. However, passive voice L1 errors were as frequent as other errors whereas definite article L1 errors were slightly less frequent than other errors. The analysis of the interviews suggested that L1 still played a crucial role in influencing learners errors. The analysis also suggested that the frequency of transfer errors in the papers used in this study might have been influenced by CA-informed instruction students received and students\u27 language level. Specifically, learners reported that both factors helped them reduce the frequency of L1 transfer errors in their writing. The teaching implications of this study include familiarizing language instructors with possible sources of errors for Arabic ESL learners. Language instructors should try to identify sources of errors by conducting their own analyses or consulting existing literature on CA paired with EA. Finally, I recommend adopting a CA-informed instruction to help students reduce and overcome errors that are influenced by their L1

Post-Acquisition Management Accounting and Control Systems in an Islamic Bank: An Institutional Logics Perspective.

This thesis seeks to understand Management Accounting and Control Systems (MACS) in an Islamic bank after it had been acquired by a conventional bank in Kuwait. In particular, there was a concern of losing the religious identity and legitimacy in the Islamic bank, in respect to the stakeholders generally, and the customers specifically. Therefore, the study seeks to investigate MACS in this setting. The research adopted an interpretive paradigm as an epistemological approach and a qualitative methodology. The data collected through 26 semi-structured interviews and an inspection of internal and external archival documents. The study applied thematic analysis to the data, and as a theoretical basis, the case study employs the institutional logics perspective (ILP) of Thornton et al (2012). The analysis of the case study identifies many important MACS that the bank relied on post-acquisition such as, the Balanced Scorecards (BSC) and Budget. The acquired bank benefited from the parent bank expertise to change MACS (e.g. BSC). The study found that the BSC was the main MACS that the bank use to achieve the targeted financial (e.g. sales) and non-financial (e.g. service quality) objectives. On other hand, the acquirer bank realized the importance of Shariah before the acquisition occurred. As the acquisition was initiated by the conventional bank’s wish to benefit from those customers who prefer Islamic banking products. Shariah is a sensitive aspect in Islamic banks and there was a threat that the classification of the parent bank as a conventional bank might affect the Shariah identity and legitimacy. The study found that the bank applied multiple SCSs (Shariah Control Systems) such as a telephone hotline to answer Shariah enquiries, Shariah audit and Shariah training. Finally, the study found that there is an extensive conflict among religion and market logics in the organization, however, the management were able to manage the conflict with the Shariah-related social actors through pragmatic collaboration, therefore, the competing logics co-exist over time. The study contributes toward the literature on Merger and Acquisitions (M&A) and MACS, by investigating institutional logics in that context, and examining a case study that requires a religious legitimacy. The research also contributes in practical terms to the Islamic banking industry, whose growth is attracting more conventional banks to enter the sector to benefit from the market opportunities, with more M&A events expected

Analysis of Behavioral and Autonomic States in Unstructured Multiday Human Intracranial Electrophysiology

Systems neuroscience and neural engineering have relied mainly on the task-based experimental paradigm to understand brain activity. While this method has proved fruitful, it fails to capture the full variability of unstructured and naturalistic neural activity. In this thesis, we explore the value of investigating multiday unstructured intracranial electrophysiology recordings in humans. Using stereotactic-electroencephalography (sEEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes, we analyze days of neural recordings to investigate how internal and external states, such as autonomic tone and behavior, correlate to neural activity. Firstly, we determine whether coarsely labeled unstructured behavioral contexts or states are discriminable in the neural activity space. Subjects were not instructed to perform any task; therefore, only spontaneous behaviors were analyzed. Controls to determine whether temporal correlations and time of day effects impact the separability of behavioral states were investigated, concluding that both the time of day and behavior have a combined effect on neural activity. Secondly, once we determined that these behavioral states are separable, the cause of this separability was further investigated. In other words, what neural signal characteristics are responsible for our ability to decode abstract behavioral states? Both long term signal characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics contribute information regarding naturalistic behavior, showing that outside the lab, neural activity has multiple axes of variability that could be used to discriminate between different states. In the final section of this work, we investigate the neural correlates to autonomic tone during sleep, leveraging multiple days of unstructured neural activity to make physiological conclusions regarding the connection between the central and autonomic nervous systems

Analysis of Behavioral and Autonomic States in Unstructured Multiday Human Intracranial Electrophysiology

Systems neuroscience and neural engineering have relied mainly on the task-based experimental paradigm to understand brain activity. While this method has proved fruitful, it fails to capture the full variability of unstructured and naturalistic neural activity. In this thesis, we explore the value of investigating multiday unstructured intracranial electrophysiology recordings in humans. Using stereotactic-electroencephalography (sEEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes, we analyze days of neural recordings to investigate how internal and external states, such as autonomic tone and behavior, correlate to neural activity. Firstly, we determine whether coarsely labeled unstructured behavioral contexts or states are discriminable in the neural activity space. Subjects were not instructed to perform any task; therefore, only spontaneous behaviors were analyzed. Controls to determine whether temporal correlations and time of day effects impact the separability of behavioral states were investigated, concluding that both the time of day and behavior have a combined effect on neural activity. Secondly, once we determined that these behavioral states are separable, the cause of this separability was further investigated. In other words, what neural signal characteristics are responsible for our ability to decode abstract behavioral states? Both long term signal characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics contribute information regarding naturalistic behavior, showing that outside the lab, neural activity has multiple axes of variability that could be used to discriminate between different states. In the final section of this work, we investigate the neural correlates to autonomic tone during sleep, leveraging multiple days of unstructured neural activity to make physiological conclusions regarding the connection between the central and autonomic nervous systems

Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students: An Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis

This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer on Arabic ESL learners’ acquisition of the relative clauses, the passive voice and the definite article. I used Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) to analyze 50 papers written by Arabic ESL students at the ACTFL Advanced Mid proficiency level. The analysis was paired with interviews with five advanced students to help determine whether L1 transfer was, in fact, influencing students’ errors predicted by CA. Students in this study made L1 errors along with other errors. Although no statistical difference was found between the frequency of transfer and other (non-transfer) errors, L1 transfer errors were still common for many learners in this data. The frequency of the relative clause L1 transfer errors was slightly higher than other errors. However, passive voice L1 errors were as frequent as other errors whereas definite article L1 errors were slightly less frequent than other errors. The analysis of the interviews suggested that L1 still played a crucial role in influencing learners errors. The analysis also suggested that the frequency of transfer errors in the papers used in this study might have been influenced by CA-informed instruction students received and students’ language level. Specifically, learners reported that both factors helped them reduce the frequency of L1 transfer errors in their writing. The teaching implications of this study include familiarizing language instructors with possible sources of errors for Arabic ESL learners. Language instructors should try to identify sources of errors by conducting their own analyses or consulting existing literature on CA paired with EA. Finally, I recommend adopting a CA-informed instruction to help students reduce and overcome errors that are influenced by their L1

Assembly and Quality Control of GEM Detectors for the Future Upgrade of the CMS Muon System

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is the world's largest research centre for particle physics, hosting the 27-Km long Large Hadron Collider (LHC), considred to be one of the biggest machine ever built. The latter has four main detector experiments: ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, and LHCb, the second largest being CMS, the Compact Muon Solenoid. GEM is a CMS subdetector that contains a densely pierced polymer foil coated with electrodes on both sides to achieve high amplification gains and performance at a lower cost, even under harsh conditions. The GE1/1 station consists of 36 10° Super Chambers (SC), two layers of triple GEM detectors, and a total of 144 chambers. The GE1/1 SC is mounted in the CMS Nose at the head of the CSC ME1/1 chambers. Here, the SC assembly method used is the mechanical stretching technique without glue in the gas volume. ME0 is a beneficial upgrade for the CMS muon system since it will help lower combinatory in matching muon segments to track muons and improve {\small P}{\tiny T} resolution for muons. ME0 has a good position measurement, essential to reduce the impact of neutron backgrounds and combinatorial matches. The ME0 has six GEM layers, including high precision hit reconstruction of the detector, which makes measurements of both position and direction possible. GE2/1 detector consists of 72 Chambers, and the layout is the same as the GE1/1 layout. The difference is that GE2/1 covers a larger surface. The same technical solution was successfully adopted for the GE1/1 (3/1/2/1 mm gaps). Two independent GE2/1 chambers will form on the YE1/1 disk a Super Chamber. To achieve maximum coverage, modules in the front and back chambers will be staggered. As a consequence, eight different types of modules will be designed and produced. Quality control for GE2/1 consists of ten QCs, named QC1…QC10. After passing the QC2 step, testing the foils, and knowing they have passed QC2, the processes of the chamber assembly can start. The GEM technology is selected for the upgrade of the CMS muon End-Cap