Phenomenology of the Higgs and Flavour Physics in the Standard Model and Beyond

In dieser Arbeit werden einige zukünftige Aspekte der Higgs-Messungen ein Jahrzehnt nach seiner Entdeckung untersucht, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf dem Potenzial für zukünftige Läufe des Large Hadron Collider (LHC) liegt. Insbesondere sollen anspruchsvolle Kopplungen des Higgs, wie seine Selbstkopplung und die Wechselwirkung mit leichten Quarks, untersucht werden. Der erste Teil gibt einen Überblick über die Higgs-Physik innerhalb der effektiven Feldtheorie des Standardmodells (SMEFT). Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Single-Higgs-Produktion, beginnend mit einer Zweischleifenberechnung der Gluonenfusionskomponente von Zh, um deren theoretische Unsicherheiten zu reduzieren. Dann wird das Potenzial für die Einschränkung der trilinearen Higgs-Selbstkopplung aus Einzel-Higgs-Raten erneut untersucht, indem ebenso schwach eingeschränkte Vier-Schwer-Quark-Operatoren einbezogen werden, die bei der nächsthöheren Ordnung in die Einzel-Higgs-Raten eingehen. Diese Operatoren korrelieren in hohem Maße mit der trilinearen Selbstkopplung, was sich auf die Anpassungen auswirkt, die für diese Kopplung anhand von Einzel-Higgs-Daten vorgenommen wurden. Der dritte Teil konzentriert sich auf die Higgs-Paarproduktion, einen wesentlichen Prozess zur Messung der Higgs-Selbstkopplung, und setzt eine multivariate Analyse ein, um ihr Potenzial zur Untersuchung der leichten Yukawa-Kopplungen zu untersuchen; dadurch wird die Empfindlichkeit der Higgs-Paarproduktion für die leichten Quark-Yukawa-Wechselwirkungen erforscht. Schließlich werden im vierten Teil einige Modelle vorgestellt, die darauf abzielen, die jüngsten Flavour-Anomalien im Lichte einer globalen SMEFT-Bayesian-Analyse zu erklären, die Flavour- und elektroschwache Präzisionsmessungen kombiniert.This thesis investigates some future aspects of Higgs measurements a decade after its discovery, focusing on the potential for future runs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, it aims to probe challenging couplings of the Higgs like its self-coupling and interaction with light quarks. The first part provides an overview of Higgs physics within the Standard Model Effective Field theory (SMEFT). The second part is about single-Higgs production, starting with a two-loop calculation of the gluon fusion component of Zh to reduce its theoretical uncertainties. Then, the potential for constraining the Higgs trilinear self-coupling from single Higgs rates is revisited; by including equally weaklyconstrained four-heavy-quark operators entering at the next-to-leading order in single Higgs rates. These operators highly correlate with the trilinear self-coupling, thus affecting the fits made on this coupling from single Higgs data. The third part focuses on the Higgs pair production, an essential process for measuring Higgs-self coupling, employing multivariate analysis to study its potential for probing light Yukawa couplings; thereby exploring the sensitivity of Higgs pair production for the light-quark Yukawa interactions. Finally, the fourth part showcases some models aiming to explain the recent flavour anomalies in the light of a global SMEFT Bayesian analysis combining flavour and electroweak precision measurements

Probing Higgs couplings to light quarks via Higgs pair production

We consider the potential of the Higgs boson pair production process to probe the light quark Yukawa couplings. We show within an effective theory description that the prospects of constraining enhanced first generation light quark Yukawa couplings in Higgs pair production are similar to other methods and channels, due to a coupling of two Higgs bosons to two fermions. Higgs pair production can hence also probe if the Higgs sector couples non-linearly to the light quark generations. For the second generation, we show that by employing charm tagging for the Higgs boson pair decaying to cc¯γγ, we can obtain similarly good prospects for measuring the charm Yukawa coupling as in other direct probes

Virtual corrections to gg→ZHgg\to ZH via a transverse momentum expansion

We compute the next-to-leading virtual QCD corrections to the partonic cross section of the production of a Higgs boson in association with a $Z$ boson in gluon fusion. The calculation is based on the recently introduced method of evaluating the amplitude via an expansion in terms of a small transverse momentum. We generalize the method to the case of different masses in the final state and of a process not symmetric in the forward-backward direction exchange. Our analytic approach gives a very good approximation (better than percent) of the partonic cross section in the center of mass energy region up to $\sim 750 \,\textrm{GeV}$, where at the LHC $\sim 98\%$ of the total hadronic cross section is concentrated.Comment: 21 pages, 3 Figures and 1 Tabl

B anomalies under the lens of electroweak precision

The measurements carried out at LEP and SLC projected us into the precision era of electroweak physics. This has also been relevant in the theoretical interpretation of LHCb and Belle measurements of rare B semileptonic decays, paving the road for new physics with the inference of lepton universality violation in RK( 17) ratios. The simplest explanation of these flavour anomalies \u2014 sizeable one-loop contributions respecting Minimal Flavour Violation \u2014 is currently disfavoured by electroweak precision data. In this work, we discuss how to completely relieve the present tension between electroweak constraints and one-loop minimal flavour violating solutions to RK( 17). We determine the correlations in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory that highlight the existence of such a possibility. Then, we consider minimal extensions of the Standard Model where our effective-field-theory picture can be realized. We discuss how these solutions to b \u2192 s\u2113\u2113 anomalies, respecting electroweak precision and without any new source of flavour violation, may point to the existence of a Z\u2032 boson at around the TeV scale, within the discovery potential of LHC, or to leptoquark scenarios

The effectiveness of Turmeric gel in the healing of donor site for Free Gingival Graft

BACKGROUND: Preparation of turmeric extract gel with a concentration of 10% and comparing it with non-eugenol gingival dressing (Coe-PakTM) in the healing and re-epithelialization of palatal donor site after free gingival graft, and reduction of postoperative pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on twenty-two patients with lack of attached gingival tissue for various reasons and received soft tissue augmentation via free gingival grafts. Participants were randomly divided into two equal groups: group I (test) was treated with 10% turmeric gel while group II (control) was treated with (Coe-PakTM). Both pain level index which assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Analgesic consumption index were recorded for 7 days after surgery. The healing index, the color match index, and the re-epithelialization index were assessed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Finally, wound size index was measured via periodontal Probe at baseline and days 7, 14, 21, 28, and after 2 months. RESULTS: Group I showed significant pain reduction measured by VAS and analgesic consumption on day 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p0.05). Group I demonstrated significant acceleration in the initial healing process during the 1st week (p=0.002) and 2nd week (p=0.01) with no significant difference between both groups in the 3rd and 4th weeks (p>0.05). Group I showed statistically higher VAS for the color match on day 7, 14, 21, and 28. No statistical difference was noted between the groups after two months. There was no statistical difference between groups I and II in the re-epithelialization and wound size index at any of the follow-up periods (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: 10% turmeric extract gel showed relief of post-operative pain, acceleration of the healing process, and better outcomes in terms of the color match for the palatal wound after free gingival grafting procedure comparing to the Coe-PakTM periodontal dressing. KEYWORDS: Curcumin; Free gingival graft; periodontal dressing; donor site

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis recurrence after kidney transplantation: using the new classification.

BACKGROUND: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon glomerular disorder that may lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). With new understanding of the disease pathogenesis, the classical classification as MPGN types I, II, III has changed. Data on post-transplant MPGN, in particular with the newly refined classification, is limited. We present our center\u27s experience of MPGN after kidney transplantation using the new classification. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 34 patients with ESRD due to MPGN who received 40 kidney transplants between 1994 and 2014. We reviewed the available biopsies\u27 data using the new classification. We assessed post transplantation recurrence rate, risk factors of recurrence, the response to therapy and allografts\u27 survival. RESULTS: Median time of follow up was 5.3 years (range 0.5-14 years). Using the new classification, we found that pre-transplant MPGN disease was due to immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN) in 89 % of cases and complement-mediated glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 11 %. Recurrence was detected in 18 transplants (45 %). Living related allografts (P = 0.045), preemptive transplantations (P = 0.018), low complement level (P = 0.006), and the presence of monoclonal gammopathy (P = 0.010) were associated with higher recurrence rate in ICGN cases. Half of the patients with recurrence lost their allografts. The use of ACEi/ARB was associated with a trend toward less allograft loss. CONCLUSIONS: MPGN recurs at a high rate after kidney transplantation. The risk of MPGN recurrence increases with preemptive transplantation, living related donation, low complement level, and the presence of monoclonal gammopathy. Recurrence of MPGN leads to allograft failure in half of the cases

Predictors of Renal Outcomes in Sclerotic Class Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Glomerulonephritis

Background: The prognostic value of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis (GN) classification has been demonstrated in several cohorts with sclerotic class having the worst renal outcome. Relevant published data on factors predicting outcomes in sclerotic ANCA GN is limited. Methods: Sclerotic ANCA GN patients were recruited from 5 centers worldwide for this retrospective cohort study. We describe the clinical characteristics of this cohort and evaluate predictors of 1-year glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney function at 12 months as measured by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated GFR (eGFR) was modeled by simple and multiple linear regression analyses. We used Cox proportional hazards regression modeling to evaluate ESRD-free survival. Results: Of the 50 patients, 92% were Caucasian and 60% male with a mean age of 61 years. While 72% had renal limited disease, 82% were MPO ANCA positive. Kidney biopsies contained a median of 20 (interquartile range [IQR] 15–34) glomeruli with 96% showing moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis. Overall, 96% of patients received immunosuppressive drug therapy and 16% received plasmapheresis. Treatment response was achieved in all but 1 patient. The median (IQR) eGFR at entry was 14.5 (9–19) mL/min/1.73 m2. Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 33.5 (17–82) months, 26 patients reached ESRD. Ten patients died with 6 of the deaths occurring within the first year of diagnosis. The hazard of progression to ESRD was significantly higher in those with lower GFR at study entry (p = 0.003) and with higher degree of tubular atrophy (p = 0.043). Conclusions: Renal recovery is rare among sclerotic ANCA GN patients requiring dialysis at entry and 12% of patients died in the first year. Entry GFR and tubular atrophy were significant predictors of GFR at 12 months and renal survival in patients with sclerotic class ANCA GN

Contemporary incidence and risk factors of post transplant Erythrocytosis in deceased donor kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Post-Transplant erythrocytosis (PTE) has not been studied in large recent cohorts. In this study, we evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of PTE with current transplant practices using the present World Health Organization criteria to define erythrocytosis. We also tested the hypothesis that the risk of PTE is greater with higher-quality kidneys. METHODS: We utilized the Deceased Donor Study which is an ongoing, multicenter, observational study of deceased donors and their kidney recipients that were transplanted between 2010 and 2013 across 13 centers. Eryrthocytosis is defined by hemoglobin\u3e 16.5 g/dL in men and\u3e 16 g/dL in women. Kidney quality is measured by Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI). RESULTS: Of the 1123 recipients qualified to be in this study, PTE was observed at a median of 18 months in 75 (6.6%) recipients. Compared to recipients without PTE, those with PTE were younger [mean 48±11 vs 54±13 years, p \u3c 0.001], more likely to have polycystic kidney disease [17% vs 6%, p \u3c 0.001], have received kidneys from younger donors [36 ±13 vs 41±15 years], and be on RAAS inhibitors [35% vs 22%, p \u3c 0.001]. Recipients with PTE were less likely to have received kidneys from donors with hypertension [16% vs 32%, p = 0.004], diabetes [1% vs 11%, p = 0.008], and cerebrovascular event (24% vs 36%, p = 0.036). Higher KDPI was associated with decreased PTE risk [HR 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99)]. Over 60 months of follow-up, only 17 (36%) recipients had sustained PTE. There was no association between PTE and graft failure or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PTE was low in our study and PTE resolved in majority of patients. Lower KDPI increases risk of PTE. The underutilization of RAAS inhibitors in PTE patients raises the possibility of under-recognition of this phenomenon and should be explored in future studies