High Resolution Gravity, Helicopter Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Study, Haile Gold Mine, South Carolina

The goal of this research was to calibrate and test geophysical methods for the detection of disseminated sulfides in the area of the Haile Gold Mine, South Carolina. The work focused on the calibration of high resolution gravity, and helicopter electromagnetic (EM) and magnetic data provided by OceanaGold. While high resolution potential field data (gravity and magnetics) has not been proven to be effective at small scales in exploration for disseminated sulfides, there is a strong regional correlation between high amplitude gravity and magnetic anomalies and the most productive gold mines in the Carolina terrane. Helicopter EM methods have been shown to be effective in distinguishing sedimentary from volcanic-dominated sediments in the metamorphic rocks of the Carolina terrane. The interpretation of the gravity and magnetic data utilized tilt derivatives, reduced to pole anomalies (RTP), shaded relief, Power spectrum, Analytical signal, Source parameter imaging (SPI), 3-D Euler deconvolution, upward continuation, and 2-D forward density modeling. The most surprising result was that over the Haile Mine, the residual gravity anomalies, tilt derivatives, and analytic signal show positive anomalies correlated with the location of a disseminated ore body. The gravity field over the ore body can be interpreted as produced by 4% pyrite and molybdenite. Electromagnetic (EM) anomalies are also spatially associated with the Haile ore bodies. Cultural signals in the EM data can be minimized with high pass filtering. The edges of a granite pluton are clearly illuminated by the shaded relief, tilt derivative, Euler deconvolution, and analytic signal of the high resolution magnetic field. The RTP magnetic field shows NW-trending Jurassic dikes as well as ENE-trending Alleghanian dikes. An oval pattern in the magnetic SPI outlines the Brewer gold mine area

Geophysical Study of Gold Mineralized Zones in the Carolina Terrane of South Carolina

T he goal of this study was to calibrate and test geophysical methods for the detection of geological structural and disseminated sulfides in the area of the four largest gold deposits in the Southern Appalachian of South Carolina. The Coastal plain sediments, vegetation and saprolite covering the mining areas remain the most challenging in this region. The work focused on the calibration of high-resolution gravity, and helicopter electromagnetic (EM) and magnetic data provided by OceanaGold over the Haile and Brewer Mines; then calibrating the regional gravity and aeromagnetic data over the four gold mines in South Carolina. Observed geophysical fields are correlated with rock properties: resistivities, susceptibilities and mineral concentrations are measured for 40 samples from 16 drill holes, as well as densities and mineral concentrations for 49,183 samples from 448 drill holes in the Haile ore zone. While high resolution potential field data (gravity and magnetics) has not been proven to be effective at small scales in exploration for disseminated sulfides, there is a strong regional correlation between high amplitude gravity and magnetic anomalies and the most productive gold mines in the Carolina terrane. Helicopter EM methods have been shown to be effective in distinguishing sedimentary from volcanic-dominated sediments in the metamorphic rocks of the Carolina terrane. The interpretation of the gravity and magnetic data utilized tilt derivatives, vertical derivative, reduced to pole anomalies (RTP), shaded relief, frequency spectrum, 3-D Euler deconvolution, core drilling and 2-D forward modeling. The most surprising result was that over the Haile Mine, the residual gravity vi anomalies, tilt derivatives, and vertical derivative show positive anomalies correlated with the location of a disseminated ore body. The gravity field over the ore body can be interpreted as produced by 4% pyrite and molybdenite. Electromagnetic (EM) anomalies are spatially associated with the Haile ore bodies. The edges of a granite pluton are clearly illuminated by the shaded relief, tilt derivative, and Euler deconvolution of the potential fields. The magnetic fields do not show correlations with the mineralized zones but are instead dominated by granitic and gabbro plutons and northwest trending diabase dikes. The integration and interpretation of the results indicate that metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration destroy magnetite and cause demagnetisation anomalies for the Carolina terrane. East-northeast trending linear anomalies have been sampled and dated as Alleghanian lamprophyre dikes providing the first magnetic map of these intrusions at Haile. Finally, we calculated the probability of detecting a geophysical anomaly of the required minimum dimensions with a given survey spacing over the Haile mine area to reduce the risk of missing the target anomaly

Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities

Chorein sensitive microtubule organization in tumor cells

Background The purpose of this study is to analyzed the involvement of chorein in microtubules organization of three types of malignant; rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells (ZF), rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RH30), and rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD). ZF are expressing high chorein levels. Previous studies revealed that chorein protein silencing in ZF tumor cells persuaded apoptotic response followed by cell death. In addition, in numerous malignant and non-malignant cells this protein regulates actin cytoskeleton structure and cellular signaling. However, the function of chorein protein in microtubular organization is yet to be established. Methods In a current research study, we analyzed the involvement of chorein in microtubules organization by using three types of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We have applied confocal laser-scanning microscopy to analyze microtubules structure and RT-PCR to examine cytoskeletal gene transcription. Results We report here that in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RH30), chorein silencing induced disarrangement of microtubular network. This was documented by laser scanning microscopy and further quantified by FACS analysis. Interestingly and in agreement with previous reports, tubulin gene transcription in RH cells was unchanged upon silencing of chorein protein. Equally, confocal analysis showed minor disordered microtubules organization with evidently weakened staining in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD and ZF) after silencing of chorein protein. Conclusion These results disclose that chorein silencing induces considerable structural disorganization of tubulin network in RH30 human rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells. Additional studies are now needed to establish the role of chorein in regulating cytoskeleton architecture in tumor cells

Chorein-dependent microfilament organization in tumor cells

Chorein is variably expressed in different cancer cells. In various non-malignant cell types, this protein regulates cytoskeleton microstructure and signaling. However, the role of chorein in regulating the actin cytoskeleton in tumor cells remains elusive. Here, we investigated chorein expression in various breast tumor cells and the involvement of this protein in microfilament organization. We used laser scanning microscopy to analyze microfilaments architecture, Triton X-100 fractionation to quantify G and Total actin levels, and quantitative RT-PCR to assess chorein gene transcription. We show that in line with previous observations, the less differentiated MCF7 breast cancer cells exhibited the highest relative expression of chorein compared to MDA-MB231 and T47D cell lines. Contrastingly, in less differentiated ZF rhabdomyosarcoma cells expressing high chorein levels, silencing of this protein was followed by clear depolymerization of actin microfilaments as apparent from IF morphological analysis. Quantification of G- and F-actin levels by Triton X-100 fractionation that revealed a significant increase in this ratio fully supported this finding. These results disclose that chorein is highly expressed in less differentiated tumor cells. In addition, silencing of this protein induces significant structural disorganization of the actin network, providing clear evidence that chorein regulates microfilament cytoskeleton architecture in tumor cells of higher malignant potential