Quiescence: a mechanism for escaping the effects of drug on cell populations

We point out that a simple and generic strategy to lower the risk for extinction consists in the developing a dormant stage in which the organism is unable to multiply but may die. The dormant organism is protected against the poisonous environment. The result is to increase the survival probability of the entire population by introducing a type of zero reproductive fitness. This is possible, because the reservoir of dormant individuals act as a buffer that can cushion fatal fluctuations in the number of births and deaths which without the dormant population would have driven the entire population to extinction.Comment: 18 pages and 9 figure

Phylogeographic Structure of the Fossorial Long-Clawed Mouse Chelemys macronyx (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)

We present a phylogeographic study of the fossorial sigmodontine mouse Chelemys macronyx. Analyses were based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of specimens collected over most of distributional range of the species. Results showed that C. macronyx has a shallow genealogy that is geographically structured into 2 main clades: one in the northern part of the species distribution, at high-Andean localities in the Argentinean provinces of Mendoza and northern Neuquén, and the other covering the majority of its distributional range at medium- to low-elevation localities from northwestern Neuquén to the south. The northern clade appears to have been demographically stable, while the southern clade presents signals of demographic expansion. These results suggest that current genetic variation of C. macronyx may have originated from 2 refugia.Fil: Alarcón, Oriet. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: D'elía, Guillermo. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; ChileFil: Lessa, Enrique P.. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Complicaciones en los alargamientos de miembros

El alargamiento óseo siempre ha sido en Cirugía Ortopédica a lo largo de los años un procedimiento caracterizado por el elevado número de complicaciones. Desde principio de siglo, muchos han sido los Ortopedas que han ideado métodos, aparatos y técnicas para conseguir un alargamiento del hueso pero las diferencias entre los métodos han marcado las complicaciones, secuelas y dificultades técnicas (1,2)

Culicoides biting midges in Spain: a brief overview

The number of studies on insects of genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) has increased considerably in Spain since 2000, mainly due to their role as vectors of arboviruses that cause disease in animals, especially ruminants. This paper aims to expose some general considerations about Culicoides biting midges in Spain

Método interactivo para la extrapolación de ondas sísmicas. Aplicación a la prospección geofísica (Parte 1)

En los análisis sísmicos por reflexión existe una creciente demanda de estimaciones geológicas y geométricas más precisas y sofisticadas. En último término se pretende extraer estimaciones fiables de las secciones de reflexión, estimaciones que afectan a parámetros tales como la velocidad de propagación, densidad y, por supuesto, contenido de hidrocarburos. Ello exige gran precisión en las técnicas de procesado y representación gráfica, pudiendo decirse que los métodos gráficos interactivos son clave en las tendencias futuras de prospección. Un área de investigación actual es el procesado y representación de datos representados por "horizontes". Un horizonte sísmico se define como la superficie que separa dos capas diferentes de roca. Estas interfases están asociadas a reflexiones que se pueden identificar claramente en las secciones sísmicas. Usando una pantalla gráfica adecuada estos horizontes aparecen coloreados en la sección,pudiendo tornarse puntos selectos para definirlas. Si se utilizan secciones concentradas ("stacked") es preciso determinar la posición correcta de las interfases. Es el proceso llamado "emigración". Tradicionalmente se han aplicado fórmulas de representación o transformaciones integrales para realizar este proceso. Sin embargo es suficiente hacer emigrar las curvas seleccionadas (superficies en el caso 3-D) que representan menos del 1% del total de los datos, con lo que el tiempo de CPU se reduce considerablemente. Si se desprecia la información sobre amplitudes, fases y frecuencias la teoría de rayos es el método más rápido y simple para la conversión en profundidad, poniéndose todo el énfasis en el proceso interactivo y en la representación gráfica. Puesto que en estructuras complejas, como las del Mar del Norte o las del Norte de Alemania, las funciones de velocidad nunca se conocen con precisión, es preciso repetir la emigración mediante diferentes velocidades especificadas por el usuario en forma interactiva. En este artículo se presenta la aplicación del procedimiento para horizontes de separación nula (zero-offset sections) y al final se indica la posibilidad de extensión del estudio a casos con separación constante y al análisis de velocidad

Multiscale modelling of vascular tumour growth in 3D: the roles of domain size & boundary condition

We investigate a three-dimensional multiscale model of vascular tumour growth, which couples blood flow, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, nutrient/growth factor transport, movement of, and interactions between, normal and tumour cells, and nutrient-dependent cell cycle dynamics within each cell. In particular, we determine how the domain size, aspect ratio and initial vascular network influence the tumour's growth dynamics and its long-time composition. We establish whether it is possible to extrapolate simulation results obtained for small domains to larger ones, by constructing a large simulation domain from a number of identical subdomains, each subsystem initially comprising two parallel parent vessels, with associated cells and diffusible substances. We find that the subsystem is not representative of the full domain and conclude that, for this initial vessel geometry, interactions between adjacent subsystems contribute to the overall growth dynamics. We then show that extrapolation of results from a small subdomain to a larger domain can only be made if the subdomain is sufficiently large and is initialised with a sufficiently complex vascular network. Motivated by these results, we perform simulations to investigate the tumour's response to therapy and show that the probability of tumour elimination in a larger domain can be extrapolated from simulation results on a smaller domain. Finally, we demonstrate how our model may be combined with experimental data, to predict the spatio-temporal evolution of a vascular tumour

Comparing the performance of two structural indicators for different water models while seeking for connections between structure and dynamics in the glassy regime

In this work, we compare the performance of two structural indicators based on the degree of translational order up to the second coordination shell in three water models: SPC/E, TIP4P/2005, and TIP5P. Beyond directly contrasting their distributions for different temperatures to evidence their usefulness in estimating the fraction of structured and unstructured molecules and, when possible, their classification capability, we also correlate them with an indirect measure of structural constraint: the dynamic propensity. Furthermore, this procedure enables us to show the existence of evident correlations between structural and dynamical information. More specifically, we find that locally structured molecules display a preference for low dynamic propensity values and, more conspicuously, that locally unstructured molecules are extremely subject to high dynamic propensity. This result is particularly relevant for the supercooled regime where the establishment of firm links between the structure and dynamics has remained rather elusive since the occurrence of dynamics that vary in orders of magnitude upon supercooling usually contrast with barely noticeable overall structural changes.Fil: Verde, Alejandro Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Montes de Oca, Joan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Accordino, Sebastián R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Alarcón, Laureano M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Appignanesi, Gustavo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentin

A multiple scale model for tumor growth

We present a physiologically structured lattice model for vascular tumor growth which accounts for blood flow and structural adaptation of the vasculature, transport of oxygen, interaction between cancerous and normal tissue, cell division, apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor release, and the coupling between these processes. Simulations of the model are used to investigate the effects of nutrient heterogeneity, growth and invasion of cancerous tissue, and emergent growth laws

\pi N scattering in relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory revisited

We have analyzed pion-nucleon scattering using the manifestly relativistic covariant framework of Infrared Regularization up to {\cal O}(q^3) in the chiral expansion, where q is a generic small momentum. We describe the low-energy phase shifts with a similar quality as previously achieved with Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory, \sqrt{s}\lesssim1.14 GeV. New values are provided for the {\cal O}(q^2) and {\cal O}(q^3) low-energy constants, which are compared with previous determinations. This is also the case for the scattering lengths and volumes. Finally, we have unitarized the previous amplitudes and as a result the energy range where data are reproduced increases significantly.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 5 table